Electrochemical detection of hydrazine using a highly sensitive nanoporous gold electrode

Tang, Ying-Yao; Kao, Ching Huei; Chen, Po‐Yu

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.002

Cited by 87 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Hydrazine is described as a very powerful reducing agent that is widely used in many different industries. [44] According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), it is recognised as an environmental pollutant due to its toxicity and its tendency to act as an irritant [45]. Humans can be exposed to hydrazine via drinking contaminated water, inhaling contaminated air, or even from swallowing and touching contaminated dust [46].…”

Section: Application Of Pd 0 Doped Hapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route

et al. 2016

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Abstract:A novel procedure for the synthesis of both hydroxyapatite (HAP) and palladium doped HAP via a wet chemical precipitation method is described herein. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy are utilised to characterise the synthesised material's morphology, structure and crystallinity. The developed synthetic protocol produces high purity HAP with an average yield of 83.7 (˘0.10)% and an average particle size of 58.2 (˘0.98) nm, such synthesis has been achieved at room temperature and within a time period of less than 24 h. Additionally, in order to enhance the overall conductivity of the material, a range of Pd (2, 4 and 6 wt %) metal doped HAP has been synthesised, characterised and, for the first time, applied towards the competitive electrocatalytic detection of hydrazine, exhibiting a linear range of 50-400 µM with a limit of detection (3σ) of 30 µM.

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Section: Application Of Pd 0 Doped Hapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrazine is described as a very powerful reducing agent that is widely used in many different industries [44]. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), it is recognised as an environmental pollutant due to its toxicity and its tendency to act as an irritant [45].…”

Section: Application Of Pd 0 Doped Hapmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route

et al. 2016

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“…Figure 6 shows the CVs recorded at a GC-based BOx/(DTNB-Pyr)/MWCNT in quiescent solution and under oxygen purging. Firstly, for both oxygen conditions, the onset potential for the oxygen reduction reaction is E onset = 0.52 ± 0.01 V. This is close to the redox potential of the laccase T1 copper center responsible for the intramolecular electron transfer to the T2/T3 site at which O 2 is reduced to H 2 at 0.1 V, which compares to 0.06 ± 0.01 mA cm −2 at 0.1 V with only dissolved oxygen. After the addition of 8 mmol L −1 of hydrazine under oxygen saturation conditions with bubbling, a decrease of the observed resting potential from 0.52 V to 0.34 V was observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrazine Electrooxidation with PdNPs and Its Application for a Hybrid Self-Powered Sensor and N₂H₄Decontamination

Giroud

Gross

Faggion

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We report the use of cubic palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) for the catalytic oxidation of hydrazine for use in a hybrid self-powered N 2 H 4 sensor. Multiwalled carbon nanotube electrodes were prepared and functionalized with PdNPs by drop casting, confining the colloidal suspension of nanoparticles into the 3D-carbon nanotube matrix support. Electron microscopy and electrochemical characterization experiments were performed and confirmed the presence, uniform distribution, and accessibility of the metallic particles. Cubic PdNPs with an average diameter of 22.5 nm were investigated for their catalytic hydrazine oxidation capacities at varying hydrazine concentrations. Application of the PdNPs for electrochemical detection of hydrazine was demonstrated using a hybrid fuel cell setup with the PdNPs-based electrode as the anode and a bilirubin oxidase bioelectrode as the oxygen-reducing cathode. The self-powered hybrid sensor exhibits linear hydrazine detection from 0.02 to 4.00 mmol L −1 and a sensitivity of 53 ± 3 mW cm −2 mmol −1 L. When using the air-breathing cathode setup, the fuel cell could deliver a maximal current and power output of 1.23 ± 0.08 mA cm −2 and 267 ± 10 μW cm −2 respectively. PdNPs supported on carbon nanotube electrodes are thus promising catalytic materials for self-powered sensing and hybrid fuel cell applications via consumption of environmental contaminants. Hydrazine, N 2 H 4 , is extensively used commercially for the production of agricultural herbicides and pesticides, as a rocket propellant in the aerospace industry, as the refining agent for precious ores recovery, and as a corrosion inhibitor (oxygen scavenger) in water boiler rooms.1,2 The use of N 2 H 4 as a fuel has attracted huge interest since the 1970s largely due its high solubility, rapid kinetics and low oxidation potential which enable large current densities not possible with other fuels such as hydrogen and ethanol. 3 The theoretical electromotive force for a N 2 H 4 /O 2 fuel cell is relatively large with a value of 1.56 V compared to other fuel/oxidant couples (1.23 V for H 2 /O 2 , 1.20 V for glucose/O 2 and 1.15 V for ethanol/O 2 systems) and therefore desirable for increasing overall performances. 4-6 N 2 H 4 is also a "carbon-free" reducing agent due to its efficient conversion into N 2 gas and water unlike more traditional fuels which release CO 2 during their oxidation process. Hydrazine can also be stored in liquid form and will not participate in increasing greenhouse gas levels as is the case for other fuels such as hydrogen gas.As a result of widespread industrial use, hydrazine and its derivatives are frequently found in our environment and this poses health risks. Hydrazine is a documented toxic environmental contaminant and is known for its potential human carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. 7,8 Even acute poisoning can result in adverse health conditions ranging from dizziness to damage of the central nervous system. 8 Since large volumes of hydrazine are consumed on a daily basis and this consumption ...

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“…NPG structures are typically fabricated in free-standing and supported thin film formats by chemical dealloying of Au-based binary alloys such as Au-Ag [30,34,35] and Au-Sn alloys [36][37][38]. Recently, NPG electrodes have also been studied as a sensor to detect H 2 O 2 [39] and N 2 H 4 [40,41]. The bicontinuous open porosity of NPG electrodes is beneficial for fast mass transport of reactants at the solid-liquid interface, and the large effective surface area can promote the electrochemical reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional nanoporous Au films as high-efficiency enzyme-free electrochemical sensors

Gan

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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Electrochemical detection of hydrazine using a highly sensitive nanoporous gold electrode

Cited by 87 publications

References 45 publications

High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route

High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route

Hydrazine Electrooxidation with PdNPs and Its Application for a Hybrid Self-Powered Sensor and N₂H₄Decontamination

Three-dimensional nanoporous Au films as high-efficiency enzyme-free electrochemical sensors

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Electrochemical detection of hydrazine using a highly sensitive nanoporous gold electrode

Cited by 87 publications

References 45 publications

High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route

High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route

Hydrazine Electrooxidation with PdNPs and Its Application for a Hybrid Self-Powered Sensor and N2H4Decontamination

Three-dimensional nanoporous Au films as high-efficiency enzyme-free electrochemical sensors

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Hydrazine Electrooxidation with PdNPs and Its Application for a Hybrid Self-Powered Sensor and N₂H₄Decontamination