Electrochemical Determination of the Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, Dapoxetine, Using Cesium–Gold Nanoparticles

Abstract

Cesium–gold (Cs–Au) nanoparticles are shown to be analytically advantageous for the electroanalytical sensing of dapoxetine (DPX), a serotonin reuptake inhibitor used for the treatment of premature ejaculation. The Cs–Au nanoparticles are electrically wired and supported upon mass producible, economical screen-printed electrochemical sensing platforms and are characterized electrochemically (cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and physiochemically (field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis). The face-centered design was applied to optimize the significant experimental factors by using square wave voltammetry. The Cs–Au-based sensor is found to exhibit a large linear range (10–7 to 10–4 M) with a good analytical linearity with the limits of detection and quantification corresponding to 2.50 × 10–10 and 8.33 × 10–8 M, respectively. The developed sensor was successfully applied in the quantification of DPX in the presence of sildenafil, both of which are commonly found within combined dose tablet pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed DPX electrochemical Cs–Au-based sensor has the advantages of being single-shot and disposable and is shown to be successful in determining DPX in pharmaceutical formulations, human urine, and serum samples with acceptable recoveries.

Tuning fluorescence of dapoxetine by blocking of photoinduced electron transfer (PET): Application in real human plasma

“…DPX was the first SSRI that was prescribed for the treatment of PE as it prolonged the time of ejaculation [3]. Until this date, there are several methods for the determination of DPX, comprising ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], spectrofluorimetric methods [10][11][12] thin-layer chromatography (TLC) [13][14][15] liquid chromatography (LC) [16][17][18], liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [19][20][21][22], capillary electrophoresis [23], and electrochemical methods [24,25] have been reported. Noteworthy, despite three spectrofluorimetric methods having been reported for the determination of DPX, these methods [10][11][12] depicted low sensitivity compared to the developed method and they also used sophisticated instruments with convoluted extraction and modulation processes, which restricted their facile utility (Supporting Information Table S1).…”

Investigation of the association complex formed between dapoxetine and erythrosine‐B for facile dapoxetine assay in pharmaceutical formulation using resonance Rayleigh scattering and spectrofluorimetric techniques

“…The published analytical methods for DPX involve spectrophotometric, [ 3–7 ] and spectrofluorimetric approaches based on native fluorescence properties, [ 8 ] synchronous spectrofluorimetry, [ 9 ] or association complex with mercurochrome, [ 10 ] HPTLC, [ 11 ] high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using ultraviolet (UV) or fluorescence detectors [ 12–14 ] , and electrochemical methods. [ 15,16 ]…”

Validated Capillary Zone Electrophoretic Determination of Avanafil and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride in their Pure form and Pharmaceutical Preparation

“…Several techniques were reported for the estimation of AVA in drug products including spectrophotometry [5,6], HPLC [7][8][9], LC-MS/MS [10] and voltammetry [11]. Different studies were developed for the determination of DAP alone or in a combination with other drugs including UV-Vis spectrophotometry [12][13][14][15], HPLC [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], capillary electrophoresis [23,24], screen printed electrode [25] and potentiometric ion-selective electrodes [26].The analytical techniques for determination of AVA and DAP in binary mixtures were reported including spectrophotometry [27,28], HPLC [29,30], HPTLC [31] and fluorimetry [32]. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has several advantages in drug analysis compared to other alternative techniques such as high separation efficiency, few waste products, short analysis time, ease of automation, and consuming small nanoliters injection volumes [33,34].…”