Electrochemical disinfection of biologically treated wastewater from small treatment systems by using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes – Contribution for direct reuse of domestic wastewater

Schmalz, Viktor; Dittmar, Thomas; Haaken, Daniela; Worch, Eckhard

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.036

Cited by 159 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The utilization of anodes with high oxygen overpotential, e.g. BDD electrodes, enhances the compounds degradation and increases the current efficiency [8,9]. The use of BDD thin film electrodes in anodic oxidation has shown that O 2 overvoltage is much higher than for conventional anodes, such as PbO 2 , producing larger amounts of quasi-free OH radicals and other oxidants (depending on supporting electrolytes).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important advantage of the BDD electrodes is their stability under polarity inversion [12]. The important properties for BDD electrodes for industrial applications, including their lifetime and cost, are significantly determined by their manufacturing process [9]. Organic pollutants on BDD electrodes can be oxidized directly (by electron transfer from surface to compound) and indirectly (by oxidizing entities generated on the electrode surface by electrolysis of water) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of BDD thin film electrode for electrochemical decomposition of heterogeneous aromatic compounds

et al. 2012

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Abstract:The aim of the presented study is to investigate the applicability of electrochemical oxidation of aromatic compounds containing heteroatoms, e.g. waste from production of pesticides or pharmaceutics, at a borondoped diamond (BDD) electrode. The BDD electrodes were synthesized by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (MW PE CVD). Investigation of the electrode surface by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the synthesized layer was continuous and formed a densely packed grain structure with an average roughness of less than 0 5 µm. The influence of important electrochemical parameters: current density, kind of reactor, pH or mixing operation, on the efficiency of the oxidation was investigated. The fouling of electrode's surface caused by the deposition of organic material was observed during CV and galvanostatic experiments. At low current density the oxidation rate constant k was low, but the current efficiency was relatively high. The BDD can be used successfully to remove heterogeneous aromatic compounds existing either as molecules or cations. During 4 h of electrolysis 95% of aromatic compounds were electrochemically decomposed to mineral forms. It was observed that the influence of the initial pH on mineralization was marginal. PACS

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of BDD thin film electrode for electrochemical decomposition of heterogeneous aromatic compounds

et al. 2012

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“…Costa et al have found that the formation of halogenated organic compounds is favored in an acidic pH [27]. Schmalz et al have demonstrated that the formation of halogenated organic compounds correlated with the electrical charge and didn't depend on the current density under their experimental conditions during electrochemical disinfection of biologically-treated wastewater [28].…”

Section: CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of chloride ions allows increasing the efficiency of the degradation of organics, while at the same time, toxic perchlorate and halogenated organic compounds can be formed during the treatment using BDD anode [26][27][28][29][30]. Since these compounds pose a serious hazard for drinking water and aquatic ecosystems [31,32] and are resistant to further oxidation, it is extremely important to minimize the formation of these compounds during water treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the role of salts for the treatment of wastewaters containing pharmaceuticals by electrochemical oxidation using a boron doped diamond anode

Lan

Coetsier

Causserand

et al. 2017

Electrochimica Acta

153

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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao. Refractory pharmaceuticals remain in biologically treated wastewater and are continuously discharged into aquatic systems due to their limited biodegradability. Electrochemical oxidation is promising for the treatment of such refractory compounds, in particular using a boron doped diamond (BDD) anode. This study investigates the role of salts, such as sulfates and chlorides in the electrochemical treatment of wastewater. The presence of sulfates accelerated the removal of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole, but had no effect on the oxidation of salbutamol. This comparison highlights the selectivity of the reaction between organics and sulfate radicals. The addition of chlorides into the solution led to a remarkablyfaster degradation of ciprofloxacin. However, incomplete mineralization was observed at high current densities due to the significant formation of halogenated organic compounds (AOX). The formation of refractory and toxic compounds such as ClO 4 À and AOX can be limited under the control of (i) applied current intensity and (ii) duration of electrolysis. Electrochemical oxidation of concentrated biologicallytreated hospital wastewater investigated the excellent removal of biorefractory pharmaceuticals and confirmed the acceleration effect of salts on pharmaceutical degradation.

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“…Electrochemical processes do not require elevated temperatures (though they may benefit from them) or the addition of potentially hazardous chemical components, and they are considered less dangerous than non-electrochemical processes (Kuhn & Mortimer, 1973;Schmalz, Dittmar, Haaken, & Worch, 2009). Moreover, they can be tailored to minimize power losses and are well-suited for process automation and control, reducing the need for user intervention (Dominguez-Ramos, Aldaco, & Irabien, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of an Electrochemical Process for Blackwater Disinfection in a Freestanding, Additive-Free Toilet

Sellgren¹,

Gregory²,

Hunt³

et al. 2017

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This PDF document was made available from www.rti.org as a public service of RTI International. More information about RTI Press can be found at http://www.rti.org/ rtipress. RTI International is an independent, nonprofit research organization dedicated to improving the human condition by turning knowledge into practice. The RTI Press mission is to disseminate information about RTI research, analytic tools, and technical expertise to a national and international audience. RTI Press publications are peerreviewed by at least two independent substantive experts and one or more Press editors.

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Electrochemical disinfection of biologically treated wastewater from small treatment systems by using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes – Contribution for direct reuse of domestic wastewater

Cited by 159 publications

References 20 publications

Application of BDD thin film electrode for electrochemical decomposition of heterogeneous aromatic compounds

Application of BDD thin film electrode for electrochemical decomposition of heterogeneous aromatic compounds

On the role of salts for the treatment of wastewaters containing pharmaceuticals by electrochemical oxidation using a boron doped diamond anode

Development of an Electrochemical Process for Blackwater Disinfection in a Freestanding, Additive-Free Toilet

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