Electrochemical Formation and Characterization of Copolymers Based on N-Pyrrole Derivatives

Abstract

Organic coatings based on N-(2-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (PPA) and a butyl ester of PPA (BuOPy) were deposited via electrochemical oxidation. The homo- and copolymers were electropolymerized on glassy carbon and stainless steel in acetonitrile using tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoraborate (Bu4NF4B) as the electrolyte. The mechanism of deposition on stainless steel was studied by chronoamperometry and by the tapping and phase angle imaging modes of atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical properties and growth of the films were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The composition of the copolymers was determined by reflection-absorption Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We found that while the hydrophilic monomer PPA undergoes progressive nucleation followed by instantaneous growth the hydrophobic BuOPy nucleates instantaneously. The rate of BuOPy electropolymerization was higher than that of PPA, and the resulting film was thicker yet fluffier. Copolymer films were enriched by BuOPy as compared with the electropolymerization solution, which is attributed to the faster rate of electropolymerization of BuOPy than PPA.

Polyanilines with Pendant Amino Groups as Electrochemically Active Copolymers at Neutral pH

“…where r ABA and r ANI are the rate constants for homopolymerization to copolymerization of each co‐monomer . This model has been applied to the voltammetric electrosynthesis of other CPs, such as copolymers of ANI with diaminobenzenesulfonic acid, o ‐methoxyaniline, and o ‐chloroaniline, and also in the case of polypyrrole derivatives . However, this model has been developed for bulk chemical copolymerization and some of its assumptions are not valid in the case of the electrochemical synthesis.…”

Drug‐eluting stent with improved durability and controllability properties, obtained via electrocoated adhesive promotion layer

“…Electropolymerization is a well known methodology, which typically involves the electrochemical oxidation of a monomer, such as pyrrole or phenol, and results in the deposition of an organic polymer that can be conducting or insulating depending on the polymer that is formed. 25,26 Most of the mechanical and electrochemical coatings currently used in the medical field result in noncovalently bond between the layer and the metallic surface. Electrochemistry of diazonium salts is one of the few methods that enable metallic implants to be coated with a covalently bonded layer.…”

Electrodeposition of Polypyrrole Films: Influence of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Platinum Co-Deposition

“…The Figure 14a shows a PPy image with granular morphology heterogeneously distributed all over the surface. Some authors agree that this is the morphology adopted by PPy formed on a metal substrate (Bravo-Grimaldo et al, 2007;Okner et al, 2007). An average grain size is 0.125µm and a surface roughness of 33.6nm could be calculated, similar to that observed by J. Tamm (Tamm et al, 2004).…”