Electrochemical Intercalation of Tetraethylammonium Tetrafluoroborate into KOH-Treated Carbon Consisting of Multi-Graphene Sheets for an Electric Double Layer Capacitor

Takeuchi, Makoto; Koike, Katsumi; Maruyama, Takamichi; Mogami, A.; Okamura, Michio

doi:10.5796/kogyobutsurikagaku.66.1311

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The electrochemical activation of carbon electrodes for EDLCs was first introduced by Takeuchi et al for graphitized carbons made from petroleum cokes and pitches. [62,63] They described the activation as an electric-field-induced intercalation of cations and anions, respectively, with solvent. The intercalation starting voltage measured in a full-cell setup was found to depend on the employed solvent and the interlayer distance of the graphitized carbon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partially Reduced Graphite Oxide as an Electrode Material for Electrochemical Double‐Layer Capacitors

Hantel

Kaspar

Nesper

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

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Partially reduced graphite oxide was prepared from graphite oxide by using synthetic graphite as precursor. The reduction of graphite oxide with a layer distance of 0.57 nm resulted in a reduction of the layer distance depending on the degree of reduction. Simultaneously the amount of oxygen functionalities in the graphite oxide was reduced, which was corroborated by elemental analysis and EDX. The electrochemical activation of the partially reduced graphite oxide was investigated for tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile and in propylene carbonate. The activation potential depends significantly on the degree of reduction, that is, on the graphene‐layer distance and on the solvent used. The activation potential decreased with increasing layer distance for both positive and negative activation. The resulting capacitance after activation was found to be affected by the layer distance, the oxygen functionalities and the used electrolyte. For a layer distance of 0.43 nm and with acetonitrile as the solvent, a differential capacitance of 220 Fg−1 was achieved for the discharge of the positive electrode near the open‐circuit potential and 195 Fg−1 in a symmetric full‐cell assembly.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrochemical activation of carbon electrodes for EDLCs was first introduced by Takeuchi et al. for graphitized carbons made from petroleum cokes and pitches 62. 63 They described the activation as an electric‐field‐induced intercalation of cations and anions, respectively, with solvent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partially Reduced Graphite Oxide as an Electrode Material for Electrochemical Double‐Layer Capacitors

Hantel

Kaspar

Nesper

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

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“…Moreover, since the applied voltage is limited to 1 Vas above-mentioned, any contribution due to ions intercalation can be discarded. For the case of quaternary ammonium R4N+ cations and both porous and graphitized nonporous carbons, intercalation has been observed at voltage higher than 2.5 V [16][17][18].…”

Section: Electrochemical Performance Of the Capacitorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Notwithstanding the high reachable voltage with ILs, our goal was not to obtain high energy devices but to profit from the ionic nature of ILs in the absence of solvents to use them as in situ probes to explore directly the accessibility of ions into the carbon porous network during the operation of an electrochemical capacitor (EC). Therefore, all our experiments have been realized by limiting the voltage to 1 V in order to avoiding any occurrence of ions intercalation, which might take place in carbon materials (porous and non-porous) at voltages higher than 2.5 V [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization-induced distortion of ions in the pores of carbon electrodes for electrochemical capacitors

Ania

Pernak

Stefaniak

et al. 2009

Carbon

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This paper reports the effect of confining ionic species of the electrolyte inside the porosity of carbon electrodes during the performance of electrochemical capacitors. Solvent-free ionic liquids and a conventional organic medium were used as electrolytes, while two series of carbons with controlled pore sizes -one of them obtained from nanocasting procedure -were used as electrode materials. Our results demonstrate that under the effect of the electric field applied during the polarization of the electrodes, desolvated ions enter distorted in pores smaller than their limiting size. In such conditions of confinement, it is demonstrated that the traditional concept of an electric double-layer formed by solvated ions adsorbed on both pore walls does not apply for sub-nanometer size pores.

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“…Activation has been extensively used to obtain porous carbon‐based materials for the application of supercapacitor electrodes 92–95. One of the most widely used activation method for the carbon‐based materials is electrochemical activation 96, 97. It has been reported that during electrochemical activation, the original carbon precursor material with a small surface and a rather small capacitance can develop a significant improvement in capacitance.…”

Section: Graphene‐based Edlcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Applications of Graphene‐Based Materials in Supercapacitors

Huang

Liang

Chen

2012

Small

1,283

746

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Due to their unique 2D structure and outstanding intrinsic physical properties, such as extraordinarily high electrical conductivity and large surface area, graphene-based materials exhibit great potential for application in supercapacitors. In this review, the progress made so far for their applications in supercapacitors is reviewed, including electrochemical double-layer capacitors, pseudo-capacitors, and asymmetric supercapacitors. Compared with traditional electrode materials, graphene-based materials show some novel characteristics and mechanisms in the process of energy storage and release. Several key issues for improving the structure of graphene-based materials and for achieving better capacitor performance, along with the current outlook for the field, are also discussed.

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Electrochemical Intercalation of Tetraethylammonium Tetrafluoroborate into KOH-Treated Carbon Consisting of Multi-Graphene Sheets for an Electric Double Layer Capacitor

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Partially Reduced Graphite Oxide as an Electrode Material for Electrochemical Double‐Layer Capacitors

Partially Reduced Graphite Oxide as an Electrode Material for Electrochemical Double‐Layer Capacitors

Polarization-induced distortion of ions in the pores of carbon electrodes for electrochemical capacitors

An Overview of the Applications of Graphene‐Based Materials in Supercapacitors

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