Electrochemical nucleation

Gunawardena, Gamini; Hills, G. J.; Montenegro, Irene; Scharifker, B.R.

doi:10.1016/0022-0728(82)85080-8

Cited by 621 publications

(385 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, to assure this, and due to the fact that the occurrence of a 3D process in electrodeposition has been widely reported in the literature, a non dimensional analysis accounting for a 3D growth process has also been carried out. This analysis is made according to equations (3) [23][24][25] and is shown in Figure 8. The experimental curves lie in between those corresponding to instantaneous nucleation (IN) and progressive nucleation (PN), but curve (2) in Figure 8 is closer to progressive nucleation, even though it does not fit the theoretical curve perfectly, especially at the very beginning of the transient.…”

Section: Analysis Of the I-t Transients (Figures 4 And 5) Indicates Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tartaric acid in the electrodeposition of zinc

Torrent‐Burgués

Guaus

2007

J Appl Electrochem

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The electrodeposition of zinc from sulphate-tartrate baths on a vitreous carbon electrode has been studied. The influence of the tartrate ion on the reduction kinetics of Zn(II) metal ion, and on the mechanism of the electrodeposition process, has been investigated using potentiodynamic and potentiostatic electrochemical techniques and scanning electron microscopy. The voltammetric analysis has shown that the presence of tartrate species in the sulphate bath shifts the reduction potential of Zn(II) to more positive values. A set of equilibria have been proposed to represent the electrochemical process and the influence of pH. From the analysis of the chronoamperometric transients and the SEM images, an instantaneous nucleation with 2D growth at the initial stages has been proposed, and a nucleus density of the order of 10 9 cm -2 has been calculated from both techniques. In order to elucidate the correct mechanism of the electrodeposition process the results obtained from chronoamperometric transients must be corroborated by those of direct observation using microscopic techniques.2

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Section: Analysis Of the I-t Transients (Figures 4 And 5) Indicates Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tartaric acid in the electrodeposition of zinc

Torrent‐Burgués

Guaus

2007

J Appl Electrochem

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“…8) The studies of the potentiostatic current transient of the electrochemical nucleation and growth have been carried out by Gunawardena, Scharifker, Astley, and Hills et al [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Valderrama et al 15) studied the electrodeposition of indium thin films on Mo/Cu substrates using chronoamperometry. They applied their results to the electrocrystallization theories developed by Scharifker et al [8][9][10] and observed that the nucleation of indium on Mo/Cu was adjusted to a three-dimensional growth under instantaneous nucleation limited by diffusion. Huang et al 16) observed a two-step film growth behavior during the electrodeposition of indium on copper substrates and proposed a hypothesis involving the Cu-In interdiffusion and the Cu-In alloy formation.…”

Section: 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gunawardena et al 8) proposed a new expression which can describe the potentiostatic current maximum and leads to more reliable values of the nuclear number density. It is considered that hemispherical nuclei on the electrode surface are scattered at random and growing under diffusion control.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10] The initial nucleation can be effectively instantaneous or progressive thus the extreme situations of fast nucleation rate on a small number of active sites or slow nucleation rate on a large number of active sites can occur. The models for the electrochemical nucleation with diffusion-controlled growth were established on the basis of the concept of planar diffusion zones and the use of Avrami's theorem.…”

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Nucleation Process of Indium on a Copper Electrode

Chung¹,

Lee²

2013

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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:The electrodeposition of indium onto a copper electrode from an aqueous sulfate solution containing In 3+ was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Reduction and oxidation of indium on copper were investigated by using cyclic voltammograms at different negative limiting potentials and at different scan rates in cumulative cycles. Cyclic voltammograms indicated that reduction and oxidation processes of indium could involve various reactions. Chronoamperometry was carried out to analyze the nucleation mechanism of indium in the early stage of indium electrodeposition. The non-dimensional plot of the current transients at different potentials showed that the shape of the plot depended on the applied potential. The nucleation of indium at potential step of −0.6~−0.8 V was close to progressive nucleation limited by diffusion. However the nondimensional plot of current transients for the indium nucleation showed different behaviors from theoretical curves at the potential step lower than −0.8 V.

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“…The phenomenon of electrocrystallization has been treated by several authors [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and also reviewed recently [15][16][17][18][19]. Nucleation and its control are very important in the formation of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials [20][21][22][23][24][25], and has also been applied to monolayers of molecular materials [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%