Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper deposition onto FTO and n-Si(100) electrodes

Khelladi, M. R.; Mentar, L.; Azizi, A.; Sahari, Ali; Kahoul, A.

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.12.017

Cited by 65 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Khelladi et al [24] also have observed a similar linear relationship between the deposition potential and the logarithm of the particles density while depositing copper on n-Si(100) electrodes. We have observed that the aluminum surfaces modified by ethanolic stearic acid solution under the influence of DC voltage did not show the superhydrophobic properties as we observed in the case of copper surfaces [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces on Aluminum Alloy Via Electrodeposition of Copper Followed by Electrochemical Modification

2011

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Superhydrophobic aluminum surfaces have been prepared by means of electrodeposition of copper on aluminum surfaces, followed by electrochemical modification using stearic acid organic molecules. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the electrodeposited copper films follow "island growth mode" in the form of microdots and their number densities increase with the rise of the negative deposition potentials. At an electrodeposition potential of −0.2 V the number density of the copper microdots are found to be 4.5×10 4 cm −2 that are increased to 2.9×10 5 cm −2 at a potential of −0.8 V. Systematically, the distances between the microdots are found to be reduced from 26.6 μm to 11.03 μm with the increase of negative electrochemical potential from −0.2 V to −0.8 V. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses have confirmed the formation of copper stearate on the stearic acid modified copper films. The roughness of the stearic acid modified electrodeposited copper films is found to increase with the increase in the density of the copper microdots. A critical copper deposition potential of −0.6 V in conjunction with the stearic acid modification provides a surface roughness of 6.2 μm with a water contact angle of 157• , resulting in superhydrophobic properties on the aluminum substrates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces on Aluminum Alloy Via Electrodeposition of Copper Followed by Electrochemical Modification

2011

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“…As soon as the first atoms of Se are deposited, the reduction of SeO 3 2− ions proceeds on the Se·SnO 2 modified electrode, and it is important to bear in mind that the experimentally measured j(τ) relationships involve a Schottky barrier for electron charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Finally, over the course of deposition, the surface state of the electrode changes, and it takes some time for band alignment to occur and to shift from one Different theoretical models have been applied to analyze the current transients recorded on semiconducting electrodes [25,71]. Those models are based on various assumptions and hence are restricted to a limited set of conditions.…”

Section: Chronoamperometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical behavior of SeO2 in sodium citrate solution on a polycrystalline SnO2 electrode

Dukštienė

Sinkevičiūtė

Tatariškinaitė³

2015

J Solid State Electrochem

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Preliminary results regarding the electrochemical behavior of Se(IV) in sodium citrate solution on a polycrystalline SnO 2 electrode are presented. A schematic diagram of the energy levels for an n-type SnO 2 electrode in contact with the working electrolyte was constructed. The results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) show that SeO 3 2− reduction occurs through a surface state in a complex multistep pathway. After a minute amount of Se is deposited, the electrode is expected to behave locally like a Schottky diode in contact with the solution. CV analysis and current transient results indicate that selenium growth on the polycrystalline SnO 2 surface proceeds without nucleation. A thin Se film obtained at a potential of −0.8 V vs. Ag|AgCl, KCl (sat) was analyzed by lateral force and atomic force microscopy.

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“…As the nuclei grow, there are two opposite effects: growth of nuclei and overlap, reaching a maximum followed by a decrease in current followed by a decaying portion related to planar electrode diffusion. [12][13][14] The origin of the small wiggle after the falling background current is not known and appears to vary with experimental conditions and selected parameters (e.g. rate of data acquisition, integration period, frequency bandwidth, etc.).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,15,16 Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is another technique frequently used as a qualitative tool to identify the existence of nucleation processes. One typical observation is the hysteresis loop, which is caused by the presence of nucleation and growth processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As the nuclei grow, the coalescence of adjacent diffusion zones gives rise to a current maximum, followed by a decaying portion related to planar electrode diffusion. [12][13][14] This analysis can provide information about the nature of the electrodeposition process, mode of nucleation, and types of processes that control the growth. 12,15,16 Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is another technique frequently used as a qualitative tool to identify the existence of nucleation processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth of Uranium and Plutonium from Molten Salts

Tylka¹,

Willit²,

Williamson³

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This work examines the nucleation and growth behavior of uranium and plutonium from molten LiCl-KCl eutectic on inert electrodes using electrochemical techniques. Current-time transients obtained from chronoamperometric experiments were compared with theoretical models to characterize the type of nucleation (progressive or instantaneous) for deposition of U and Pu, and co-deposition of U-Pu, from molten LiCl-KCl at inert electrodes. It was established that the nucleation mode of actinides present as chlorides in molten chloride salts changes from progressive to instantaneous with an increasing concentration of the trivalent actinide ions in the salt. The effect of the material of the working electrode was investigated, and it was found that changing the material from tungsten to silver improves resolvability of the nucleation peaks and allows more accurate analysis of the experimental measurements. Using the nucleation data, diffusion coefficients were obtained for U 3+ and Pu 3+ , and were found to be in very good agreement with the values obtained from other studies. The density of nuclei produced during instantaneous nucleation, the rate of nucleation for progressive nucleation, and the radius of the deposited nuclei were evaluated and examined at different overpotentials. Pyrochemical reprocessing technology represents a promising alternative to aqueous processes for separating actinides from irradiated fuel by applying electrolytic methods to the molten salt media. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Electrorefining is the main step in pyrochemical reprocessing. During this process, actinides are separated from the bulk of the fission product elements by electrotransport onto a solid or liquid cathode. Electrochemical deposition that takes place at the electrode/electrolyte interface occurs by a process of nucleation and growth and is strongly dependent on the overpotential. [8][9][10][11] Nuclei initially form at active sites of the substrate, consistent with some nucleation rate law, and then grow via the incorporation of additional ions from the electrolyte. Determination of the fundamental parameters of the nucleation and growth phenomena and a very good physical understanding of these processes are essential for improved control and efficiency of pyroprocesses.Electrochemical methods are widely used to study nucleation and growth phenomena in aqueous or molten media because the driving force of nucleation can be easily changed by varying the applied potential.12 Chronoamperometry (CA) is the most frequently used technique for quantitative analysis of the deposition process; it entails applying potential step pulses and observing the resulting currenttime transients. Immediately after applying the potential step, there is a decreasing current transient corresponding to the charging of the double layer, followed by a current due to the formation of the new phase, and an increase in the number of nuclei. As the nuclei grow, the coalescence of adjacent diffusion zones gives rise to a current maximum, followed by a decay...

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Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper deposition onto FTO and n-Si(100) electrodes

Cited by 65 publications

References 29 publications

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces on Aluminum Alloy Via Electrodeposition of Copper Followed by Electrochemical Modification

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces on Aluminum Alloy Via Electrodeposition of Copper Followed by Electrochemical Modification

Electrochemical behavior of SeO2 in sodium citrate solution on a polycrystalline SnO2 electrode

Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth of Uranium and Plutonium from Molten Salts

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