Electrochemical Polymerization

Fomo, Gertrude; Waryo, Tesfaye; Feleni, Usisipho; Baker, Priscilla; Iwuoha, Emmanuel I.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92067-2_3-1

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The anodic wave at 1.1 V in the very first anodic scan (SI Figure S3a) coincides with the initial increase in absorbance showing a predominant band with a maximum at 420 nm, which indicates the start of the formation of PANI related to the presence of aniline radicals and dimers. 31 During the cathodic scan, this peak at 420 nm remained almost constant, whereas there is one at 700 nm that increased up to an applied potential of 200 mV and then gradually decreased displaying a maximum in absorbance.…”

Section: Analytical Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 96%

Polyaniline Films as Electrochemical-Proton Pump for Acidification of Thin Layer Samples

2019

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Here, we provide the first experimental evidence of proton release from polyaniline (PANI) films subjected to anodic potentials at environmental pHs. We conducted an extensive characterization of unpolarized/polarized PANI filmssynthesized by traditional sequential voltammetric scanningby using spectroelectrochemistry, synchrotron radiation-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near edge X-ray absorption fine structure, and potentiometric pH sensing in the vicinity of the PANI layer. This new insight enables the utilization of PANI as a proton pump, which is actively tuned through an electrochemical pulse, so as to controllably acidify well-confined thin layer samples. Furthermore, we demonstrate the analytical significance of this system by measuring the alkalinity of artificial and natural water samples by using two faced planar PANI electrodes, one working as a proton source and the other one as pH electrode. Finally, the impact of this approach is 2-fold: (i) all-solid-state electrode materials may be used with devisible consequences in miniaturized and implementable submersible probes, and (ii) rapid determination of alkalinity as compared to traditional approaches together with a versatility in pH adjustment in any kind of sample, among other applications.

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Section: Analytical Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 96%

Polyaniline Films as Electrochemical-Proton Pump for Acidification of Thin Layer Samples

2019

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“…112,113 This form of polymerisation is initiated by the oxidation (voltage- or current-induced) of a specific monomer in an electrochemical cell, facilitating polymer growth. 114 Electropolymerisation enables precise control over film thickness and shows good compatibility with aqueous media. 115…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Molecularly Imprinted Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecularly imprinted polymers in diagnostics: accessing analytes in biofluids

2022

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“…The pair O 3 R 3 (0.77 V, 0.56 V) was due to oxidation of emeraldine base state to the oxidized pernigraniline state, and vice versa. The O 2 R 2 (0.54 V, 0.45 V) peaks were attributed to either presence of ortho-coupled polymers [86] or the oxidation of segments of PANI chain to benzoquinone and hydroquinone species, whose potentials are very close to one another and tend to disappear after several scans [87,88]. The oxidation peak at O 3 exhibited a broad oxidation wave compared to that of O 1 , which could signify that charge transfer was more difficult for the second oxidation step than the first [85].…”

Section: Electroanalysis Of Pani and Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase of the second oxidation peak (i.e., peak b of Figure 7A), which corresponds to the doping process of counterions as they are inserted into the film to neutralize positive charge by H + protonation during PANI oxidation, indicates that the doping behavior of these supporting electrolytes is controlled consistently by the surface electron transfer process [88]. Using the anodic peaks (b) from Figure 7 for PANI-GCE (Figure 7A), AgNP-PANI-GCE (Figure 7B), ZnONP-PANI-GCE (Figure 7C), and Ag-ZnONP-PANI-GCE (Figure 7D), the slopes for peak current vs. square root of scan rate (Figure 7F) were used to obtain the diffusion coefficients of the counter ion (Cl − ) across the modified electrodes.…”

Section: Electroanalysis Of Pani and Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroconductive Polyaniline–Ag-ZnO Green Nanocomposite Material

et al. 2022

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Metal-conducting polyaniline (PANI)-based nanocomposite materials have attracted attention in various applications due to their synergism of electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of the initial components. Herein, metal-PANI nanocomposites, including silver nanoparticle-polyaniline (AgNP-PANI), zinc oxide nanoparticle-polyaniline (ZnONP-PANI), and silver-zinc oxide nanoparticle-polyaniline (Ag–ZnONP-PANI), were prepared using the two processes. Nanocomposite-based electrode platforms were prepared by depositing AgNPs, ZnONPs, or Ag–ZnONPs on a PANI modified glass carbon electrode (GCE) in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-Hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS, 1:2) as coupling agents. The incorporation of AgNPs, ZnONPs, and Ag–ZnONPs onto PANI was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, which showed five absorbance bands at 216 nm, 412 nm, 464 nm, 550 nm, and 831 nm (i.e., transition of π-π*, π-polaron band transition, polaron-π* electronic transition, and AgNPs). The FTIR characteristic signatures of the nanocomposite materials exhibited stretching arising from C–H aromatic, C–O, and C–N stretching mode for benzenoid rings, and =C–H plane bending vibration formed during protonation. The CV voltammograms of the nanocomposite materials showed a quasi-reversible behavior with increased redox current response. Notably, AgNP–PANI–GCE electrode showed the highest conductivity, which was attributed the high conductivity of silver. The increase in peak currents exhibited by the composites shows that AgNPs and ZnONPs improve the electrical properties of PANI, and they could be potential candidates for electrochemical applications.

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Electrochemical Polymerization

Cited by 12 publications

References 95 publications

Polyaniline Films as Electrochemical-Proton Pump for Acidification of Thin Layer Samples

Polyaniline Films as Electrochemical-Proton Pump for Acidification of Thin Layer Samples

Molecularly imprinted polymers in diagnostics: accessing analytes in biofluids

Electroconductive Polyaniline–Ag-ZnO Green Nanocomposite Material

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