Electrochemical properties of carbon-coated TiO2 nanotubes as a lithium battery anode material

Facile synthesis of a mesostructured TiO2–graphitized carbon (TiO2–gC) composite through the hydrothermal process and its application as the anode of lithium ion batteries

“…11,34 The relatively smaller semicircle size of TiO 2 -gC implies that the charge transfer resistance of TiO 2 -gC is also smaller than that of the control electrodes. 8,11 Fig. S8 † further conrms no signicant EIS change of TiO 2 -gC at the 1 st , 50 th and 100 th cycles, indicating the high conductivity of the composite with good structural stability during cycling.…”

“…5,6 Among the various anode materials, titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) has received a lot of interest as an alternative anode material due to its superior safety, low volume change (<4% for Li x TiO 2 , 0 # x # 1), environmental friendliness, low cost, and high chemical stability. [7][8][9] However, the application of TiO 2 as a LIB anode material has been limited by its low electric conductivity ($10 À12 to 10 À7 S cm À1 ) and sluggish Li + transport ($10 À15 to 10 À9 cm 2 s À1 ), originating from its wide energy band gap (E g ¼ 3.0-3.4 eV), resulting in the drastic fading of capacity at high current density or aer long cycling. [10][11][12] To address the aforementioned problems of TiO 2 as an anode material, several methods, including the fabrication of thin lms, 8 the preparation of composites with carbon [8][9][10] and nanostructure formation, [13][14][15] have been developed to regulate the conductivity, crystalline structure, and surface area of TiO 2 .…”

“…[7][8][9] However, the application of TiO 2 as a LIB anode material has been limited by its low electric conductivity ($10 À12 to 10 À7 S cm À1 ) and sluggish Li + transport ($10 À15 to 10 À9 cm 2 s À1 ), originating from its wide energy band gap (E g ¼ 3.0-3.4 eV), resulting in the drastic fading of capacity at high current density or aer long cycling. [10][11][12] To address the aforementioned problems of TiO 2 as an anode material, several methods, including the fabrication of thin lms, 8 the preparation of composites with carbon [8][9][10] and nanostructure formation, [13][14][15] have been developed to regulate the conductivity, crystalline structure, and surface area of TiO 2 . 16 Among the above, it is known that the surface area and conductivity of TiO 2 play the most crucial roles in enhancing the lithium storage capability and reaction kinetics, since the ion diffusion pathway and electron transport in the electrode are largely dependent on them.…”

Anodic WO3 Mesosponge @ Carbon: A Novel Binder-less Electrode for Advanced Energy Storage Devices

“…To address this issue, nanostructuring of the material is an efficient strategy. With proper design and engineering, the nanostructured electrode material can offer enough void space to accommodate the volumetric expansion, consequently improving the cyclic performance. ,, Another widely adopted approach for enhancing the stability of the electrode material is coating, surface modification, or encapsulation of the active material with carbon. − Carbon, owing to its stability and higher conductivity, limits the volume expansion of the electrode during lithiation/delithiation and offers improved electron conduction during battery performance.…”

Investigation of Structure and Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants for Protonated Anatase/Titanate Nanosheets during Thermal Treatment

“…Since Kasuga et al , have synthesized a typical TiO 2 -rooted nanomaterial of novel morphology through a simple wet chemical method. Extensive work has been contributed for such a new nanostructure because of its widely unexploited applications in various areas. − The crystallized structure of nanotubes is a recent controversial topic, and different strategies were put forward to synthesize the crystalline nanotubes. − The debate persists. Nevertheless, the multistage method involving the transformation from 3-dimensional to 2-dimensional to 1-dimensional for the formation of the tubelike structure has been popularly acknowledged ,− during which the original TiO 2 is initially removed into lamellar products and then allowed to roll down for achieving nanotubes.…”