Electrochemical properties of lead dioxides formed on various lead alloy substrates

Shiota, Masashi; Kameda, Tsuyoshi; Matsui, Kazumasa; Hirai, Nobumitsu; Tanaka, Toshihiro

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.11.014

Cited by 37 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…at positive SLI battery grids) enhances electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen during charging, leading to water or electrolyte loss. According to [3][4][5], Pb-Sn and Pb-Sn(Ca) alloys appear to be a good alternative for decreasing water decomposition. It was reported [1] that Pb-Sb alloys corrode more rapidly than Pb-Sn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Corrosion of Pb-Sn and Pb-Sb Alloys for Lead-Acid Battery Applications

Bakour

Dakhouche

2018

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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The aim of this study was to compare the electrochemical corrosion behavior of as-cast Pb-Sn and Pb-Sb alloy samples in the 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at 25 • C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) diagrams, potentiodynamic polarization curves and the equivalent circuit analysis were used to evaluate the electrochemical corrosion response. It was found that Pb-1 wt.% Sn alloy exhibits a microstructure with large cellular array and better electrochemical corrosion resistance than that of Pb-1 wt.% Sb.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Corrosion of Pb-Sn and Pb-Sb Alloys for Lead-Acid Battery Applications

Bakour

Dakhouche

2018

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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“…The literature survey showed that new additives have been incorporated in the grid alloy composition in order to improve its performance. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Accordingly, rare earth elements, Ag and Te, were added with the purpose of enhancing the corrosion resistance. Therefore, the battery durability at higher temperatures was improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Indium Alloying with Lead on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Lead-Indium Alloys in Sulfuric Acid Solution

El-Sayed

Ibrahim

Mohran

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans A

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Effect of indium alloying in various concentrations with lead on both microhardness and crystallite structure of lead-indium alloy was investigated. The corrosion behavior of leadindium alloys in 4 M H 2 SO 4 acid solution was investigated by Tafel plot and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The results of both Tafel plot extrapolation and EIS measurements exhibited the same trend. Generally, the corrosion resistance of the alloy is more significant compared with that observed for pure lead. This study shows that the addition of 0.5 pct In to Pb decreases the corrosion. However, with a further increase of alloying In, the corrosion rate of alloy starts to increase up to 5 pct In compared with that of Pb-0.5 pct In alloy. Then the corrosion rate decreases gradually with the increase in the percentage of In up to 15 pct. The values of activation energy (E a ) supported this trend of the corrosion rate which is obtained for Pb and Pb-In alloys. X-ray diffraction data exhibited broadness of peaks, which is due to lattice distortion or grain refinement. Clearly the peaks shift to higher angles for Pb-15 pct In alloy which can be attributed to changes in lattice structure of Pb. Scanning electron microscope images confirmed that the microstructure is changed with indium alloying content. The solute content tends to refine the microstructure array.

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“…An investigation on primary and secondary dendritic growth of hypoeutectic Pb-Sb alloys under unsteady-state solidification conditions [13] has shown that the minimum values predicted by the Hunt-Lu model are close to the experimental observations for primary dendritic spacings. The structural and mechanical characteristics of Pb-Sb alloys as well as their precipitation hardening effect make Philosophical Magazine 4475 them a very convenient material for lead-acid battery positive and negative grids [14,15]. The antimony content of a Pb-Sb electrode affects its microstructure and, consequently, its mechanical properties, the electrochemical behavior of active materials and corrosion layers on the electrode [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of tertiary dendritic arms during the transient directional solidification of hypoeutectic Pb–Sb alloys

Freitas

Rosa

Garcia

et al. 2011

Philosophical Magazine

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Despite the importance of a complete characterization of dendritic patterns in castings, the availability of studies on the development of tertiary dendrite arms is scarce in the literature. In the present study, the tip cooling rate, local solidification time, primary and tertiary dendrite arm spacings have been determined in Pb-Sb alloys castings directionally solidified under unsteady-state heat flow conditions. The alloys compositions experimentally examined are widely used in the as-cast condition for the manufacture of positive and negative grids of lead-acid batteries. The initial growth of tertiary dendritic arms from the secondary branches was found to occur only for a Pb-3.5 wt% Sb alloy at cooling rates in the range 0.4-0.2 K/s, with no evidence of this spacing pattern for Pb-Sb alloys having lower solute content. Tertiary dendritic branches have been observed along the entire casting lengths for alloys of the Pb-Sb hypoeutectic range having compositions higher than 4.0 wt% Sb. It is shown that a power function experimental law with a characteristic À0.55 exponent is able to characterize the tertiary spacing evolution with the solidification cooling rate for alloys compositions !4.0 wt% Sb. The only exception was the Pb-3.5 wt% Sb alloy for which 3 exhibited significant lower values when compared with the experimental values obtained for the other Pb-Sb alloys for a same solidification cooling rate.

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Electrochemical properties of lead dioxides formed on various lead alloy substrates

Cited by 37 publications

References 7 publications

Electrochemical Corrosion of Pb-Sn and Pb-Sb Alloys for Lead-Acid Battery Applications

Electrochemical Corrosion of Pb-Sn and Pb-Sb Alloys for Lead-Acid Battery Applications

Effect of Indium Alloying with Lead on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Lead-Indium Alloys in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Growth of tertiary dendritic arms during the transient directional solidification of hypoeutectic Pb–Sb alloys

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