Electrochemical Redundant Microsensor Arrays for Glucose Monitoring with Patterned Polymer Films

Abstract

Redundant microsensor arrays for glucose sensing were fabricated using photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) with 2-hydroxy-2-methyl phenyl-propanone as photoinitiator to encapsulate the enzyme glucose oxidase. Silicon micro fabrication technologies were used to fabricate microelectrode sensor arrays on flexible polyimide sheets. These microarray sensors were individually addressable as observed using square-wave voltammetry. Redox polymer, poly[4-vinylpyridine Os(bipyridine) 2 Cl]-co-ethylamine, was first immobilized on the electrode surface and then glucose oxidase was entrapped in PEG-DA hydrogels. The redox polymer was found to exchange electrons with glucose oxidase in biocompatible PEG-DA hydrogels. The entrapped glucose oxidase was found to respond linearly to glucose in solution (0 -20 mM) as determined using square-wave voltammetry.

Redox Protein-Polymer Films for Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide

“…We recently used the redox polymer, poly[4-vinylpyridine Os(bipyridine)2Cl]-co-ethylamine (Pos-Ea) to assemble films with the polymer exchanging electrons with glucose oxidase. 24,25 Determination of concentration of ascorbic acid does not interferer with determination of hydrogen peroxide. …”

Carbon nanofiber modified with osmium based redox polymer for glucose sensing

“…The oxidation peak for polymer by itself on the electrode surface appeared at 0.39 V while the reduction peak appeared at about 0.29 V. In earlier literature, the redox polymer trapped in polyethylene glycol gel still gave similar voltammograms but the peak current was unstable after continuous scanning [31,32]. For the redox polymer modified nanofibers, scanning several times over three weeks yielded the same peak current, indicating thus a good stability of redox polymer adsorbed on CNF.…”

“…There is continuous interest in low cost, stable and sensitive biosensors for glucose. Many glucose sensing platforms have been developed using glucose oxidase enzyme and various forms of redox mediators on electrodes [1][2][3][4]. Glucose oxidase (GOX) is the most popular enzyme extensively used in fabrication of electrochemical glucose biosensor [5] as well as in other bio-catalytic systems [6,7].…”

“…Glucose oxidase (GOX) is the most popular enzyme extensively used in fabrication of electrochemical glucose biosensor [5] as well as in other bio-catalytic systems [6,7]. Previously, osmium based redox polymer was used as a mediator entrapped together with GOX hydrogels through the UV-initiated free radical cross-linking [1,2].…”

Fabrication, Characterization, and Functionalization of Gold Electrodes With Poly(ethylene Glycol) for Biosensing Applications

“…Several research have used a uniform gel membrane coated on top of the microfabricated electrodes to prevent fouling and enzyme leaching (Mugweru et al, 2007), whereas far fewer reports describe the integration of patterned gel layer with electrodes (Moser et al, 2002). Previous research groups employed acrylamide, hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) or poly vinyl acetate (PVA) for biosensor construction.…”