Electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified by graphene nanosheets and molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for determination of a chlordiazepoxide drug

Motaharian, Ali; Hosseini, M. Reza

doi:10.1039/c6ay01594h

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Azomethine produced a reduction peak at −0.9 V (vs Ag/AgCl) with LoD 3.77×10 −9 M, with again two linear ranges. In this class of benzodiazepines, chlordiazepoxide measurement has given rather similar results [130], though here graphene into the CPE was claimed to enhance sensitivity. The antipsychotic drug, promethazine was measured in plasma by Alizadeh et al.…”

Section: Mip Based Voltammetric Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Molecular Imprinted Polymer Modified Electrochemical Sensors for Small Drug Analysis: Progress to Practical Application

Feroz

Vadgama

2020

Electroanalysis

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Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor made from synthetic polymers and designed to mimic the recognition properties of natural biological affinity molecules. MIPs incorporate binding motifs complementary to target organic molecule shape and functional groups in order to mimic the complex binding surfaces of natural macromolecules. This confers selectivity and specificity, with the added advantage of artificial MIP polymer stability and ready adaptability to the fabrication and creation of miniaturised affinity interfaces for electrochemical sensing and extra‐laboratory testing. Their generic capability as robust sorbent phases for drug extraction and concentration allows for targeted, interfacial interrogation by the active electrochemical surface. A wide range of electrochemical sensing strategies has also been advanced in recent years, which is covered by this review. The review covers MIP functional principles, examples of MIP preparative routes and final assay outcomes for the measurement of small molecule drugs of biomedical, and also of potential environmental relevance. Some small molecules as examples of toxin and contaminant measurement are also given. A historic background to MIP development is provided, but the review mainly focuses on electrochemical sensor advances in the last five years.

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Section: Mip Based Voltammetric Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Molecular Imprinted Polymer Modified Electrochemical Sensors for Small Drug Analysis: Progress to Practical Application

Feroz

Vadgama

2020

Electroanalysis

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“…A carbon paste electrode (CPE) was chosen to prepare our functionalized chitosanbased electrodes, as it is simple to manufacture and suitable for preparing modified electrodes with admixtures of different substances; thus, giving the material certain characteristic properties [80]. The electrodes were prepared by mixing a desired weight (20%) of functionalized chitosan and 70% of selected carbon material (graphite powder) with paraffin oil, as a binder, using an agate mortar and pestle for 30 min until a homogeneous mixture was obtained.…”

Section: Preparation Of Chitosan Modified Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan and Metal Oxide Functionalized Chitosan as Efficient Sensors for Lead (II) Detection in Wastewater

Boultif,

Dehchar,

Belhocine

et al. 2023

Separations

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The work presented in this paper describes the preparation and the electrochemical application of functionalized chitosan-entrapped carbon paste electrodes (CH/CPE) for lead ions (Pb2+) detection in industrial wastewater. The chitosan was first functionalized using TiO2 and CuO, which were both metal oxides that were obtained by extracting it from waste products derived from shrimp shells. The analytical performance of the as-prepared electrodes, CH/CPE, TiO2-CH/CPE, and NiO-CH/CPE, for the detection of lead (II) was examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique in the 0.1 M KNO3 electrolyte solution. The effect of experimental conditions, including polarization potential, frequency, and pH, are optimized to maximize the sensitivity of the measurements. The developed impedimetric sensors provided a linear response over a concentration range of 10−6 to 10−4 M with a detection limit of 3.10−7 M based on S/N = 3. The DFT computational analysis demonstrated that chitosan biopolymer possesses the ability to adsorb Pb (II) ions that are present in wastewater. Chitosan and the derivatives of chitosan, have the potential to remove heavy metals from industrial effluent in a manner that is both economical and eco-friendly to the environment. Chitosan is a biopolymer that is abundantly renewable.

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“…Chlordiazepoxide has also been investigated by Motaharian and Hosseini [105] at a grapheme-carbon paste electrode (GCPE) modified with imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nano-MIP). Chlordiazepoxide imprinted polymer nanoparticles were prepared by a suspension polymerisation method from methacrylic acid (functional monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross-linker), and 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (initiator) in acetonitrile.…”

Section: Graphene-modified Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Electroanalytical-Based Approaches for the Determination of Benzodiazepines

Honeychurch

2019

Biosensors

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The benzodiazepine class of drugs are characterised by a readily electrochemically reducible azomethine group. A number are also substituted by other electrochemically active nitro, N-oxide, and carbonyl groups, making them readily accessible to electrochemical determination. Techniques such as polarography, voltammetry, and potentiometry have been employed for pharmaceutical and biomedical samples, requiring little sample preparation. This review describes current developments in the design and applications of electrochemical-based approaches for the determination of the benzodiazepine class of drugs form their introduction in the early 1960s to 2019. Throughout this period, state-of-the-art electroanalytical techniques have been reported for their determination. Polarography was first employed focused on mechanistic investigations. Subsequent studies showed the adsorption of many the benzodiazepines at Hg electrodes allowed for the highly sensitive technique of adsorptive stripping voltammetry to be employed. The development and introduction of other working electrode materials such as carbon led to techniques such as voltammetry to become commonly reported, and the modification of these electrodes has now become the most commonly employed approach using molecularly imprinting and nanotechnology.

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Electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified by graphene nanosheets and molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for determination of a chlordiazepoxide drug

Abstract: Procedure for fabrication of electrochemical sensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles and graphene nanosheets for selective and sensitive determination of chlordiazepoxide (CDP) drug.

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Molecular Imprinted Polymer Modified Electrochemical Sensors for Small Drug Analysis: Progress to Practical Application

Molecular Imprinted Polymer Modified Electrochemical Sensors for Small Drug Analysis: Progress to Practical Application

Chitosan and Metal Oxide Functionalized Chitosan as Efficient Sensors for Lead (II) Detection in Wastewater

Review of Electroanalytical-Based Approaches for the Determination of Benzodiazepines

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