Electrochemical Sensors for Detection of Acetylsalicylic Acid

Abstract

Acetylsalicylic acid (AcSA), or aspirin, was introduced in the late 1890s and has been used to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions. The aim of this work was to suggest electrochemical sensor for acetylsalicylic detection. Primarily, we utilized square wave voltammetry (SWV) using both carbon paste electrode (CPE) and of graphite pencil electrode (GPE) as working ones to indirect determination of AcSA. The principle of indirect determination of AcSA bases in its hydrolysis on salicylic acid (SA), which is consequently detected. Thus, we optimized both determination of SA and conditions for AcSA hydrolysis and found out that the most suitable frequency, amplitude, step potential and the composition and pH of the supporting electrolyte for the determination of SA was 260 Hz, 50 mV, 10 mV and Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 1.81), respectively. The detection limit (S/N = 3) of the SA was 1.3 ng/ml. After that, we aimed on indirect determination of AcSA by SWV CPE. We tested the influence of pH of Britton-Robinson buffer and temperature on yield of hydrolysis, and found out that 100% hydrolysis of AcSA was reached after 80 minutes at pH 1.81 and 90°C. The method for indirect determination of AcSA has been utilized to analyse pharmaceutical drug. The determined amount of AcSA in Sensors 2006, 6 1484 the pharmaceutical drug was in good agreement with the declared amounts. Moreover, we used GPE for determination of AcSA in a pharmaceutical drug. Base of the results obtained from stationary electrochemical instrument we used flow injection analysis with electrochemical detection to determine of salicylates (SA, AcSA, thiosalicylic acid, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid -SuSA). We found out that we are able to determine all of detected salicylates directly without any pre-treatment, hydrolysis and so on at units of femtomoles per injection (5 µl).

Square-wave voltammetric determination of acetylsalicylic acid in pharmaceutical formulations using a boron-doped diamond electrode without the need of previous alkaline hydrolysis step

“…Under these conditions, the method is selective for ASA, avoiding its hydrolysis because in the pH range 2 to 3 the ASA hydrolysis kinetics is very slow. 5,20,21 To confirm this, the stability of the 1.0 × 10 -3 mol L -1 ASA stock solution in 0.01 mol L -1 H 2 SO 4 was studied during a 8 h period at 25 °C by monitoring the ASA concentration by cyclic voltammetry. The obtained results presented no significant differences within a relative standard deviation of 1.6%, indicating that the ASA hydrolysis was negligible.…”

“…Addition-recovery tests were satisfactory, with values similar to those obtained using an official method of the British Pharmacopoeia 6 and to the label values. In addition, the reported results demonstrate that the combination of SWV with a BDD electrode is a feasible alternative for the analytical determination of ASA in commercial adult and children tablets without previous hydrolysis of the analyte as required by other methods 6,7,10,11,[15][16][17][18][19][20] or the necessity of expensive apparatus along with time-consuming sample preparations. 13,14 …”

“…The analytical curve was linear in the ASA concentration range 4.0 × 10 -4 to 6.0 × 10 -3 mol L -1 , with a detection limit of 48 µmol L -1 . Supalkova et al 20 used square-wave voltammetry (SWV), with either a carbon paste electrode (CPE) or a graphite pencil as working electrode, to indirectly determine ASA, after its hydrolysis to SA and AA at 90 o C and pH 12 for 60 min, since ASA does not yield any SWV signal on the surface of CPE or graphite pencil. Torriero et al 21 employed a glassy-carbon electrode for SA determination in solid pharmaceutical formulations containing ASA as majority compound and observed that the SA in a Britton-Robinson buffer solution (pH 2.37) yields a single irreversible oxidation wave, at 1.088 V vs. Ag/AgCl.…”

Determinação simultânea de ácido ascórbico e ácido acetilsalicílico usando análise por injeção em fluxo com detecção amperométrica pulsada

“…Por outro lado, o controle de qualidade desta formulação se torna mais complicado, pois um número considerável de métodos analíticos usados na quantificação de AAS somente é eficiente na ausência de AA, que é considerado um interferente na determinação de AAS em grande parte dos métodos disponibilizados na literatura. 4 Considerando sua ampla utilização e os possíveis efeitos colaterais, é de grande relevância o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos que permitam a determinação simultânea de AAS e AA. Entre os métodos propostos que permitem essa determinação simultânea destacam-se os cromatográficos 5 e os espectrofotométricos.…”

Anodic Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid at a Mildly Oxidized Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode in Sodium Sulphate Medium

“…Acting as electroactive substance through salicylic acid, aspirin's main hydrolysis product, ASA has also been electrochemically studied from a mechanistic or analytical perspective, using a range of methods, electrode types, and, supporting electrolytes [12,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. International Journal of Electrochemistry Boron-doped diamond (BDD) is a very important material for electroanalysis, since it exhibits several electrochemically valuable properties such as its very wide electrochemical window in aqueous solutions resulting from the high overpotentials of the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions, low and stable voltammetric and amperometric background current, its excellent chemical and electrochemical stability in aggressive conditions, and its good responsiveness to a range of analytes without any conventional pretreatment [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59].…”