Electrochemical Study of DNA Damaged by Oxidation Stress

Abstract

Many compounds can interact with DNA leading to changes of DNA structure as point mutation and bases excision, which could trigger some metabolic failures, which leads to the changes in DNA structure resulting in cancer. Oxidation of nucleic acid bases belongs to the one of the mostly occurred type of DNA damaging leading to the above mentioned phenomena. The investigation of processes of DNA oxidation damage is topical and electrochemical methods include a versatile and sensitive tool for these purposes. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is the most widely accepted marker of DNA damage. Oxidative damage to DNA by free radicals and exposure to ionizing radiation generate several other products within the double helix besides mentioned oxidation products of nucleic acid bases. The basic electrochemical behaviour of nucleic acids bases on various types of carbon electrodes is reviewed. Further, we address our attention on description of oxidation mechanisms and on detection of the most important products of nucleic bases oxidation. The miniaturization of detector coupled with some microfluidic devices is suggested and discussed. The main aim of this review is to report the advantages and features of the electrochemical detection of guanine oxidation product as 8-OHdG and other similarly produced molecules as markers for DNA damage.

An electrochemical DNA-based biosensor to study the effects of CdTe quantum dots on UV-induced damage of DNA

“…Therefore, the study of toxic features of new advanced materials like QDs towards DNA damage is of increasing interest. With respect to electroactivity of the DNA bases, different solid electrodes have been used to study oxidation processes of the bases and damage to DNA [18][19][20][21]. Electrochemical DNA biosensors with immobilized DNA layers on the electrode surface are known as effective tools at the investigation of DNA interactions and damage [22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…The ultimate amount of ROS/RNS is under strict control in the body as a result of enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms. The production of ROS-and RNS-induced damage (the final effect of OS) in tissue can be confirmed by the presence of tissue-specific and non-specific biomarkers [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Several markers of OS and antioxidant activity are presented in Fig.…”

Non-invasive assessment of oxidative stress in preterm infants

“…In addition, enzymes, such as NADPH oxidases are great generators of ROS and constitute one of the most important sources of hydrogen peroxide [1,3]. Free radicals are highly reactive chemical species that instantaneously interact with nearby existing biomolecules in the cell (proteins, lipids, DNA and others) producing oxidized derivatives [4][5][6]. Some of them, show high reactivity and may form adducts with proteins, as well as oxidize other biomolecules, altering specific molecular pathways [7] (see Fig.…”