Electrochemically Controlled Solid-Phase Microextraction Based on Conductive Polypyrrole Films

Wu, Jingcun; Mullett, Wayne M.; Pawliszyn, Janusz

doi:10.1021/ac025595q

Cited by 188 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recently, our group extended the application of PPy nanowire network to this field, obtaining an effective drug release system with high adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release efficiency [5]. 2 It is well known that CPs can be used as drug carriers due to their unique dopingdedoping and stimulus-responsive property [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], where drugs can be incorporated into CPs as dopants and then be released upon electrical stimulation. Therefore, the capacity of drug loading is dependent on the doping level (which is usually low) and the type of drugs is restricted to the charged and small molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced drug loading capacity of polypyrrole nanowire network for controlled drug release

et al. 2013

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For a conducting polymer (CP) based drug release system, drug loading is often accomplished by a doping process, in which drug is incorporated into polymer as dopant. Therefore, the drug loading capacity is relatively low and the range of drugs can be loaded is limited. In the present work, a polypyrrole (PPy) nanowire network is prepared by an electrochemical method and it is found that the micro-and nanogaps among the individual nanowires of the PPy nanowire network can be used as reservoir to store drugs. Therefore, the drug loading capacity is dependent on the volume of these micro-and nano-vacancies, instead of the doping level. The range of loaded drugs also can be theoretically extended to any drugs, instead of only charged dopants. In fact, it is confirmed here that both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs can be loaded into the micro-and nano-gaps due to the amphilicity of the PPy nanowire network. As a result, both drug loading capacity and the range of drugs can be loaded are significantly improved. After being covered with a protective PPy film, controlled drug release from the prepared system is achieved by electrical stimulation (cyclic voltammetry, CV) and the amount of drug released can be controlled by changing the scan rate of CV and the thickness of the protective PPy film.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced drug loading capacity of polypyrrole nanowire network for controlled drug release

et al. 2013

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“…Most of their work was focused on coating polypyrrole inside of the capillaries and using the in-tube SPME method. Some of their work dealt with fiber SPME that extracted volatile organic compounds by fiber with a polypyrrole coating (36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). In another paper, they coated polypyrrole on the surface of a fused-silica fiber and utilized surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization, combined with MS, to analyze small-molecule peptides (45).…”

Section: Coatings Based On Other Polymeric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of Solid‐Phase Microextraction Coatings and Coating Techniques

et al. 2006

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(SPME) has been popular as an environmentally friendly sample pretreatment technique to extract a very wide range of analytes. This is partly owing to the development of SPME coatings. One of the key factors affecting the extraction performances, such as the sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility, is the properties of the coatings on SPME fibers. This paper classifies the materials used as SPME coatings and introduces some common preparation techniques of SPME coating in detail, such as sol-gel technique, electrochemical polymerization technique, particle direct pasting technique, restricted access matrix SPME technique, and molecularly imprinted SPME technique. IntroductionSolid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sample preparation technique developed by Pawliszyn et al. (1,2). The process of SPME includes two major operation steps: extraction and desorption. Because both extraction and desorption take place on the coatings, the properties of the coatings determine the performance of SPME. Based on this fact, the development of new coatings has been in great demand for a long time. In recent years, the quantity of papers discussing new coatings for SPME has increased rapidly. In this paper, many of the present coatings are classified, and the common preparation techniques are described in detail. Discussion The classifying of coatingsIn the book Applications of Solid-Phase Microextraction, Górecki (3) sorted the coatings from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA) into two different categories: high-viscosity liquid coatings and solid coatings. He also described the extraction mechanism for both kinds of coatings, respectively. For liquid coatings, the extraction of analytes is obtained by the absorption, in which the analytes can transfer from the surface of coatings to the inside. This kind of coating includes the common stationary phases polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyacrylate (PA). For solid coatings, the extraction of analytes is based on adsorption, in which the analytes may only stay on the surface of the coatings. Some composite coatings such as PDMS-divinylbenzene (DVB), carbowax-DVB, carbowax-templete resin, etc. from Supelco are solid coatings with porous surfaces. They can only extract analytes by adsorption. During the extraction process, the mechanism of adsorption is much more complex than absorption.With the development of the SPME technique, more and more new materials are utilized in the preparation of coatings. More than half of currently available coatings are solid coatings. However, they are divided by the properties of the materials; the solid coatings are multifarious. Based on organic and inorganic types, there are two primary kinds of coatings: organic and inorganic. Organic coatingOrganic polymer materials are the first kind of material used as SPME coatings. Because traditional SPME fibers utilize fusedsilica fiber as solid-phase carriers, compared with inorganic materials, organic polymer materials are easier to affix with fiber. In addition, at high temperature, the thermal coefficien...

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“…Moreover, the polymer film can be coated on a metal wire which displays better mechanical strength than silica fibers. Various support materials were used for fabricating SPME fibers including platinum [35,36], gold [37], stainless steel [38][39][40][41], gold microarray electrode [42], and multiwalled carbon nanotubes [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of sodium dodecyl sulfate doped polypyrrole solid phase micro extraction fiber and its application to endocrine disruptor pesticide analysis

Korba

Pelit

et al. 2013

Journal of Chromatography B

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Electrochemically Controlled Solid-Phase Microextraction Based on Conductive Polypyrrole Films

Cited by 188 publications

References 27 publications

Enhanced drug loading capacity of polypyrrole nanowire network for controlled drug release

Enhanced drug loading capacity of polypyrrole nanowire network for controlled drug release

Progress of Solid‐Phase Microextraction Coatings and Coating Techniques

Preparation and characterization of sodium dodecyl sulfate doped polypyrrole solid phase micro extraction fiber and its application to endocrine disruptor pesticide analysis

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