Electrochemically engineered nanoporous photonic crystal structures for optical sensing and biosensing

The exciting properties of micro-and nano-patterned surfaces found in natural species hide a virtually endless potential of technological ideas, opening new opportunities for innovation and exploitation in materials science and engineering. Due to the diversity of biomimetic surface functionalities, inspirations from natural surfaces are interesting for a broad range of applications in engineering, including phenomena of adhesion, friction, wear, lubrication, wetting phenomena, self-cleaning, antifouling, antibacterial phenomena, thermoregulation and optics. Lasers are increasingly proving to be promising tools for the precise and controlled structuring of materials at micro-and nano-scales. When ultrashort-pulsed lasers are used, the optimal interplay between laser and material parameters enables structuring down to the nanometer scale. Besides this, a unique aspect of laser processing technology is the possibility for material modifications at multiple (hierarchical) length scales, leading to the complex biomimetic micro-and nano-scale patterns, while adding a new dimension to structure optimization. This article reviews the current state of the art of laser processing methodologies, which are being used for the fabrication of bioinspired artificial surfaces to realize extraordinary wetting, optical, mechanical, and biological-active properties for numerous applications. The innovative aspect of laser functionalized biomimetic surfaces for a wide variety of current and future applications is particularly demonstrated and discussed. The article concludes with illustrating the wealth of arising possibilities and the number of new laser micro/nano fabrication approaches for obtaining complex high-resolution features, which prescribe a future where control of structures and subsequent functionalities are beyond our current imagination.

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“…[35]. (F): Multi-dimensional photonic crystal structures image reprinted from ref [40] with permission from Elsevier.…”

Section: Learning From Nature: Design Principles Of Natural Surfaces mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser engineering of biomimetic surfaces

Stratakis

Bonse

Heitz

et al. 2020

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

229

143

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“…An optical sensor is composed of a light source, a sensing platform for light-matter interactions, and a detector to quantify spectral shifts in electromagnetic waves resulting from the interaction with targeted analytes, which can be translated into quantitative or qualitative measurements (Law et al, 2020). Recently, MXenes have been used to develop highperformance optical sensors due to their unique properties: MXenes have a large specific surface area, excellent conductivity, wider absorption band, favorable energy levels, and possess hydrophilicity, excellent biocompatibility, and non-toxic to living organisms, which makes MXenes promising materials for developing optical sensors for biosensing applications (Zhu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Optical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MXene-based flexible sensors: A review

et al. 2022

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MXenes are an emerging family of two-dimensional (2D) materials which exhibits unique characteristics such as metal-like thermal and electrical conductivity, huge surface area, biocompatibility, low toxicity, excellent electrochemical performance, remarkable chemical stability, antibacterial activity, and hydrophilicity. Initially, MXene materials were synthesized by selectively etching metal layers from MAX phases, layered transition metal carbides, and carbonitrides with hydrofluoric acid. Multiple novel synthesis methods have since been developed for the creation of MXenes with improved surface chemistries using non-aqueous etchants, molten salts, fluoride salts, and various acid halogens. Due to the promising potential of MXenes, they have emerged as attractive 2D materials with applications in various fields such as energy storage, sensing, and biomedical. This review provides a comprehensive overview of MXenes and discusses the synthesis and properties of MXenes, including the methods of etching, delamination, and modification/functionalization, as well as the electrical properties of MXenes. Following this, the recent advances in the development of various MXene-based sensors are presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for future research on the development of MXenes-based sensors are discussed.

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“…Recent years have seen tremendous growth in the design and engineering of nanoporous structures based on modified anodization strategies. Therefore, it is possible now to control light-matter interaction and to fabricate advanced structures to be used in a broad range of applications in the field of biosensing [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], drug delivery [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], and photocatalysis [ 8 , 9 ]. Nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals (NAA-PCs) fall under the regime of optical materials having light modulation capabilities within the spectral regions (from Ultra-Violet to Infra-Red) allowing easy transport of molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Platform to Analyze a Model Drug-Loading and Releasing Profile Based on Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Gradient Index Filters

et al. 2021

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In this work, a methodology that exploits the optical properties of the nanoporous anodic alumina gradient index filters (NAA-GIFs) has been developed and applied to evaluate in real time the release dynamics of a cargo molecule, acting as a model drug, filling the pores. NAA-GIFs with two photonic stopbands (PSBs) were prepared with one of its stop bands in the same absorption wavelength range of the cargo molecule, whereas the second stopband away from this absorption range. Numerical simulation and experiments confirm that the relative height of the high reflectance bands in the reflectance spectra of NAA-GIFs filled with the drug can be related to the relative amount of drug filling the pores. This property has been applied in a flow cell setup to measure in real-time the release dynamics of NAA-GIFs with the inner pore surface modified by layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes and loaded with the cargo molecule. The methodology developed in this work acts as a tool for the study of drug delivery from porous nanostructures.

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Electrochemically engineered nanoporous photonic crystal structures for optical sensing and biosensing

Cited by 10 publications

References 114 publications

Laser engineering of biomimetic surfaces

Laser engineering of biomimetic surfaces

MXene-based flexible sensors: A review

Optical Platform to Analyze a Model Drug-Loading and Releasing Profile Based on Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Gradient Index Filters

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