Electrochemically Patterned Transducer with Anisotropic PEDOT through Liquid Crystalline Template Polymerization

Abstract

We have demonstrated patterning of highly ordered nanostructured conducting PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) through electrochemical polymerization of a biobased liquid crystalline template of EDOT-PDPPA (3-pentadecylphenyl phosphoric acid). Self-assembled "EDOT-PDPPA" in water exhibited lyotropic liquid crystalline (LC) phases of nematic gyroid, columnar, and lamellar phases. Studies revealed that, during electrochemical polymerization, PEDOT-PDPPA mimicked the anisotropic domains of its monomer LC template. Nyquist plot showed enhancement in conductivity with a positive change in the HOMO- LUMO gap. Further, the efficiency of the modified GCE was demonstrated as an electrochemical transducer for the detection of nicotine. It was observed that oxidation of nicotine occurs at lower potential (0.83 V) with higher current (54.63 μA) compared to bare GCE (1.1 V, 17.86 μA) with nanomolar detection. This simple strategy of electrochemical patterning of conductive polymer on a conventional electrode can be exploited for the high tech applications in miniaturized plastronic devices.

Gold nanoparticle patterned on PANI nanowire modified transducer for the simultaneous determination of neurotransmitters in presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid

“…Figure showed the equivalent circuit diagram that contains solution resistance ( R s ), constant phase element ( Q ), the charge transfer resistance ( R ct ), and Warburg impedance ( W ) resulting from the diffusion of charged species from the bulk solution to the inter phase . The R ct values of the modified electrodes calculated by fitting the Randles circuit and are found to be 1630, 930, and 125 Ω for GCE, PANIS/GCE, and PANIS/Au/GCE, respectively.…”

“…Electrochemical sensors receives substantial attention in advanced sensor technologies due to high sensitivity, selectivity, simplicity, low‐cost, ease of handling, etc . Electrodes modified with CPN hold advantages in fabricating sensors due to efficient signal transduction, unique electron transfer capabilities, and fast charge transfer which give a significant increase in the current response and reduces the over potential . Among CPNs, PANI is receiving importance due to its multiple redox properties, excellent environmental stability, fast response, exceptional electrical properties in a wide range, high capacitive behavior, and controllable conductivity …”

Recent Advances in Nanostructured Conducting Polymers: from Synthesis to Practical Applications

“…PPy hollow nanoparticles with different diameters were prepared by surfactant templating and their electrical properties depended on the size. Devaki et al [68,69] explored liquid crystalline templates with an inexpensive and abundantly available industrial by-product, the main constituent of cashew nut shell extract, namely, cardanol (3-pentadecylphenol). This approach might be a good alternative to traditional petroleum-based surfactants, which have become expensive owing to increased demand and depletion of resources.…”

Green Solid Ionic Liquid Crystalline Electrolyte Membranes with Anisotropic Channels for Efficient Li‐Ion Batteries

“…[1][2][3] Albeit lithium batteries have a major dependence on the performance of electrodes, it is often demonstrated that electrolytes do limit the voltage window, charge transport, and conductivity and thereby the corresponding energy density, power density, and cycle life of the energy storage systems. [32][33][34] Also, we have recently studied the synthesis and liquid crystalline properties of ammonium and imidazolium-based ionic liquid crystalline materials derived from cardanol. But the leakage of volatile and toxic liquid electrolytes upon crimping the cell or during full paper domains and channels of 1D, 2D, and 3D ordered type are expected to facilitate the shuttling of Li + ions during charge and discharge process.…”

“…Recently, we have reported several derivatives of this molecule, which were applied for the preparation of coatings, adhesives, liquid crystalline templates, and as dopants for the preparation of nanostructured conducting polymers. [32][33][34] Also, we have recently studied the synthesis and liquid crystalline properties of ammonium and imidazolium-based ionic liquid crystalline materials derived from cardanol. [35,36] These films are expected to exhibit better electrolyte affinity in comparison with the commonly explored polyolefinic separator membranes, owing to the presence of amphiphilic hydrocarbon chain.…”