Electrochemistry of iron oxide pigments (earths) from pictorial microsamples attached to graphite–polyester composite electrodes

Doménech‐Carbó, Antonio; Doménech‐Carbó, M. T.; Gimeno-Adelantado, José Vicente; Bosch‐Reig, F.; Saurí-Peris, M. C.; Sánchez-Ramos, S.

doi:10.1039/b100257k

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These have been applied to voltammetric data in order to discriminate between different species displaying more or less similar electrochemical responses. Peak potentials and peak currents from cyclic, differential pulse, and square-wave voltammetries are typically used for the purpose of identification, but other parameters characterizing the shape of the voltammetric curves (peak width, peak to half peak separation, onset potentials), including Tafel slopes and ordinates at the origin can be used [206,207], and peak current and/or peak area ratios [149,208]. Principal component [209] and cluster analysis [149,195] multivariate chemometric methods have been applied to SSEAC.…”

Section: Analytical Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroanalytical chemistry for the analysis of solids: Characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report)

Doménech‐Carbó

Labuda

Scholz

2012

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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156

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Solid state electroanalytical chemistry (SSEAC) deals with studies of the processes, materials, and methods specifically aimed to obtain analytical information (quantitative elemental composition, phase composition, structure information, and reactivity) on solid materials by means of electrochemical methods. The electrochemical characterization of solids is not only crucial for electrochemical applications of materials (e.g., in batteries, fuel cells, corrosion protection, electrochemical machining, etc.) but it lends itself also for providing analytical information on the structure and chemical and mineralogical composition of solid materials of all kinds such as metals and alloys, various films, conducting polymers, and materials used in nanotechnology. The present report concerns the relationships between molecular electrochemistry (i.e., solution electrochemistry) and solid state electrochemistry as applied to analysis. Special attention is focused on a critical evaluation of the different types of analytical information that are accessible by SSEAC.

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Section: Analytical Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroanalytical chemistry for the analysis of solids: Characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report)

Doménech‐Carbó

Labuda

Scholz

2012

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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156

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“…Consiste na mistura de pó de grafite e do aglutinante, sendo que a razão entre as massas dependerá do aglutinante usado, da estabilidade mecânica desejada para o eletrodo e do processo de solidificação. Este último pode ser acompanhado da cura da resina polimérica, 18 ou pela ressolidificação da cera ou parafina fundidas. O eletrodo de carbono vítreo (GCE) é menos indicado para a imobilização mecânica, pois partículas não aderem facilmente à sua superfície.…”

Section: Eletrodos De Trabalhounclassified

Voltametria de micropartículas imobilizadas: fundamentos e aplicações analíticas

Carvalho¹,

Hilgemann²,

Spengler³

et al. 2010

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 9/11/09; aceito em 17/4/10; publicado na web em 1/9/10 VOLTAMMETRY OF IMMOBILIZED MICROPARTICLES: FUNDAMENTALS AND ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS. The theoretical aspects of Voltammetry of Immobilized Microparticles (VIM) were discussed. The immobilization of microparticles on electrode surface, the electrode cleaning processes and the electrode materials were analyzed. The three-phase electrode model and the possible reactions between the immobilized particle and the electrolytic solution were discussed. In addition, this work discusses some selected applications of VIM published in the last years.Keywords: voltammetry of immobilized microparticles; solid materials; three-phase electrode. INTRODUÇÃOTradicionalmente, a eletroanalítica está associada aos estudos de substâncias dissolvidas em fases líquidas. Desde a descrição da voltametria por Kolthoff e Laitinen, em 1940, 1 este método analítico tornou-se o mais importante no campo da eletroquímica. Entretanto, para que estudos eletroanalíticos de substâncias sólidas fossem possíveis, novas estratégias experimentais e conceitos teóricos tiveram que ser aprimorados a fim de superar os problemas associados com a preparação da amostra e a eletroquímica de fases sólidas.Em 1989, as dificuldades experimentais puderam ser superadas com o surgimento de uma nova técnica desenvolvida por Scholz e colaboradores, 2,3 chamada inicialmente de voltametria abrasiva de redissolução (AbrSV -Abrasive Stripping Voltammetry) e, posteriormente, de voltametria de micropartículas imobilizadas (VIM -Voltammetry of Immobilized Microparticles).4 Esta técnica eletroanalítica baseia-se na imobilização de micropartículas de uma amostra sólida (menos de 1 μg) sobre a superfície de um eletrodo sólido adequado, o qual é imerso em um eletrólito líquido, e no subsequente registro de um sinal de corrente em função do potencial aplicado. 5,6 Os voltamogramas obtidos revelam informações sobre a composição química da amostra sólida.A imobilização de micropartículas tem se tornado um método bastante utilizado para ensaios diretos de sólidos devido à facilidade de preparação do eletrodo, evitando a dissolução da amostra, além de possibilitar uma análise rápida e de baixo custo.7 Além de ser um método indicado para determinações qualitativas e semiquantitativas, 8,9 também fornece informações sobre a cinética das reações redox de materiais sólidos. 4,10 Encontram-se, na literatura, textos dedicados exclusivamente à VIM, a exemplo de capítulos em livros-texto, 4,11 de alguns artigos de revisão publicados em periódicos especializados, 7,9,12 e um livro-texto dedicado aos seus fundamentos e aplicações, publicado por Scholz, Schröder e Gulaboski intitulado "Electrochemistry of Immobilized Particles and Droplets". 13Este artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre os fundamentos que envolvem a determinação voltamétrica de materiais sólidos e suas principais aplicações analíticas. Os principais tipos de eletrodos utilizados são descritos, assim como a sua limpeza e a imobilização mecânica de micropartículas à su...

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“…It should be noted that the detection limit of graphite-containing materials is somewhat higher than that of carbon-containing materials. Composite electrodes may be used to achieve the electrochemical response of ground solids, iron pigments, and insoluble samples [93,94].…”

Section: Graphitized Carbon and Composite Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified carbon-containing electrodes in stripping voltammetry of metals. Part II. Composite and microelectrodes

Stozhko

Малахова

Fyodorov

et al. 2007

J Solid State Electrochem

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The second part of the review, which covers modified carbon-containing electrodes, describes composite and microelectrodes. Electrodes made of commercial and laboratory carbon-containing composite materials are discussed. Impregnated and thick-film electrodes and microelectrodes made of carbon fibers form a separate group. Various modifiers and methods of electrode modification are presented. Prospects for the future development of solid-state modified electrodes are considered. [12][13][14][15][16]. In most cases, electrodes of these materials are modified by metal films (mercury, copper, and bismuth), molecularly imprinted TiO 2 [17]. The occurrence in the last decade of new types of carbon materials "from carbon nanotubes to edge plane pyrolytic graphite" [18,19] has significantly changed the scope and sensitivity of electroanalytical methods for the measurement of diverse targets from metals ions to biological markers. Investigators considered in detail electrochemical characteristics [20] and practical use [21] of the "edge" plane pyrolytic graphite, which proved to have a wider interval of working potentials and a low detection limit as compared to those of the basal pyrolytic graphite and GC. For example, in situ bismuth film modified edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode was successfully applied to the ultra trace simultaneous determination of cadmium(II) and lead(II) with detection limit 5.5·10 −10 and 4·10 −10 M, respectively [22].Synthetic diamonds (nitrogen-[23, 24] and boron-doped ) have come into use quite recently for electrochemical measurements. In particular, a gold-coated, borondoped, diamond thin-film electrode was used for total inorganic arsenic detection in real water samples [50]. Unlike properties of other carbon materials, which are widely used in electroanalysis, properties of synthetic diamonds became the subject of comprehensive study just about 10 years ago. The research was hindered by two circumstances: shortage of the material and the absence of conduction. The situation radically changed with the advent of highly efficient methods for growing of polycrystalline diamond compounds.A more efficient separation, accumulation, and determination of components is achieved with electrodes of composite materials made of graphite, carbon, glassy carbon, or diamond powders and binders such as paraffin, epoxy resins, methacrylate, silicon, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyester, and silica gel. The reviews [51][52][53][54] deal with properties and applications of various composite J Solid State Electrochem

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Electrochemistry of iron oxide pigments (earths) from pictorial microsamples attached to graphite–polyester composite electrodes

Cited by 47 publications

References 31 publications

Electroanalytical chemistry for the analysis of solids: Characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report)

Electroanalytical chemistry for the analysis of solids: Characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report)

Voltametria de micropartículas imobilizadas: fundamentos e aplicações analíticas

Modified carbon-containing electrodes in stripping voltammetry of metals. Part II. Composite and microelectrodes

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