Electrochemistry. Principles and Applications

Potter, E. C.; King, Cecil V.

doi:10.1149/1.2428553

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The linear regressed slope of 0.17 ± 0.01 mV/°C in reference to the NHE was found to be similar to previously measured values that used slightly different experimental setups [1,8]. The value found for the potential of the CSE in reference to the NHE at 25°C, 317.1 ± 0.2 mV, is bracketed by the commonly accepted values of 316 and 318 mV [2,20,21]. It is recommended that this value of the CSE be used for all future studies that employ the CSE as a reference electrode in an aqueous solution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…(7). The measured potential of the CSE versus NHE of 317 mV at 25°C is bracketed by Ewing's value of 316 mV and the other commonly accepted value of 318 mV [20,21]. The potential of the CSE versus the NHE has less variation with temperature than that of either the SCE or the silver-silver chloride electrode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The models are able to predict the enthalpic contribution (DH) to the potential within 10% but poorly predict the entropic (DS) contribution because they do not match the temperature dependence as illustrated in Eq. (20).…”

Section: Theoreticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Copper sulfate reference electrode

Stern

Sadoway

Tester

2011

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Copper sulfate reference electrode

Stern

Sadoway

Tester

2011

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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“…Corrosion of a metal requires both an anodic area where metal ions are transferred and a cathodic area where the surplus electrons can be transferred (16,17). In battery systems, the corrosion rate of active metal anodes depends on the solubility of the protective film and on the transference number of the film for electrons (7).…”

Section: Examination Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Calcium Anode in Molten Nitrate Electrolytes

Miles

Fine

Fletcher

1978

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The electrochemical behavior of the calcium anode in molten nitrates was determined using constant current methods. Investigations were made in both LiNO3 and KNO3 at 350~ and in KNO3-LiNO3 (60-40 mole percent) over a temperature range of 250~176 Differential scanning calorimetry studies were also made on calcium in many nitrate mixtures. No exothermic reactions were detected for calcium in any pure alkali metal nitrate melt; however, chemical reactions were apparent for many calcium-molten nitrate systems which cantalned added halide salts. The rate of the calcium electrode reaction is determined largely by the passivating oxide film formed on calcium in molten nitrates. The addition of halides that promote breaks in the film can greatly improve both the electrode kinetics and the open-circuit potential. With sufficient breakdown of the passivati~g layer, high current densities can be obtained for the calcium anode with very little polarization. The effectiveness of the added halides in reducing polarization generally decreased in the order I-> Br-> C1-> F-. The experimental results can be explained by a passivating layer model involving specific adsorption of anions at the CaO/ solution interface. Molten nitrates are attractive for possible use in thermal batteries due to their favorable physical properties which include low melting points and high electrical conductivities. In addition, alkali metal nitrate melts are stable over a reasonable temperature range, have low volatility, and have a viscosity and surface tension similar to aqueous solutions (1,2). Thermal batteries fulfill unique military applications which require rapid activation and high discharge rates for short time periods (3). Generally, thermal batteries operate at temperatures between 500 ~ and 600~ using the LiC1-KC1 [59-41 mole percent (m/o)] eutectic which melts at 352~ Much lower melting points are possible with nitrate electrolytes; for example, KNO3-LiNO3 (57-43 m/o) melts at 132~ and KNO3-LiNOsNaNO3 (53-30-17 m/o) melts at 120~ (1, 2). Furthermore, problems associated with formation of a calcium-lithium alloy, CaLl2, at the calcium anode in LiC1-KC1

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“…The electrokinetic microactuators that are the subject of this work function on the basis of the electrokinetic effect (e.g., Potter 1961;Burgreen & Nakache 1964), first noted by Reuss (1809). While this effect inherently operates at the microscale, it is widely used in a variety of practical devices and processes to produce macroscale effects.…”

Section: Electrokinetic Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic Microactuator Arrays for Control of Vehicles

Diez-Garcia¹,

Dahm²

2002

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Electrochemistry. Principles and Applications

Abstract: not Available.

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Copper sulfate reference electrode

Copper sulfate reference electrode

The Calcium Anode in Molten Nitrate Electrolytes

Electrokinetic Microactuator Arrays for Control of Vehicles

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