Electrodeposition Behavior of Zn-Polyethyleneimine Composite from Sulfate Solution and Its Micro Structure

Abstract

Electrodeposition of Zn-polyethyleneimine composite was performed at 10012000 A·m ¹2 and 4.8 © 10 5 C·m ¹2 in agitated sulfate solutions containing 1.84 mol·dm ¹3 of ZnSO 4 and 4 g·dm ¹3 of polyethyleneimine at pH 1.8 and at 313 K: the composite's deposition behavior and the relevant deposits' micro-structure were investigated. The films obtained at current densities above 4000 A·m ¹2 from solutions containing polyethyleneimine exhibited gloss, and the gloss was highest for solutions containing polyethyleneimine with the highest molecular weight (70000). The preferred orientation of deposited Zn crystals changed from {0001} to {1120} and {10 10} in the presence of polyethyleneimine, and the size of the platelet-shaped Zn crystals decreased as the polyethyleneimine molecular weight and current density increased. The deposition of Zn was polarized in the presence of polyethyleneimine, and the degree of polarization increased with the current density and with polyethyleneimine's molecular weight. The C and N contents in deposited films increased as the polyethyleneimine molecular weight and current density increased, indicating an increase in the tendency of polyethyleneimine to be adsorbed onto the cathode. During deposition, polyethyleneimine buffered somewhat the pH increase in the layer of the electrolyte solution in contact with the cathode. At this time, H + ions are released from polyethyleneimine because of an increase in pH in the cathode's vicinity, and consequently, the number of electron lone-pairs in N atoms of polyethyleneimine increased, resulting in an increase in the adsorption ability of polyethyleneimine onto the cathode.

The effect of quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles on bacterial adherence, cytotoxicity, and physical and mechanical properties of experimental dental composites

“…On the other hand, the introduction of ceramic fillers usually increases the hardness due to their characteristics and the high interfacial shear strength between the nanofiller and the resin matrix, which increased the resistance to localized plastic deformation 72 . However, the nanoparticles used in this work, due to the comparable hardness of antimicrobial polymers and typical polymeric matrixes of dental composites 73 , 74 cannot lead to an increase in hardness. In this context, the results achieved were favorable.…”

Synergistic Effect of Brightener and Solution Temperature on the Electrodeposition Behavior of Zn–Ni Alloy from Alkaline Zincate Solution

“…In general, in the electrodeposition of metals, the amounts of additive components incorporated into the deposited films is reported to increase as the adsorption ability of the additive to the cathode increases. 43,44) Therefore, to evaluate the adsorption ability of IME on the cathode, the amount of C, which is a component of IME incorporated into the deposited films, was measured by GDOES, whose results are shown in In contrast, the inhibitory effect of IME on Ni deposition was maintained even when the solution temperature was increased, indicating that IME inhibited the Ni deposition despite the decreasing adsorption ability. Focussing on the difference in inhibitory effect of IME on the Ni and Zn deposition, the Ni content in the films deposited in the anomalous codeposition region decreased with the addition of IME, regardless of the solution temperature, indicating that Ni deposition was more strongly inhibited by IME (Figs.…”

Micro Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Zn Composites Films Produced by Pulse Electrolysis from a Insoluble Particle-free Solution Containing Zr Ions

“…17) In Zn deposition from an acidic solution, the reduction of H + ions (2H + +2e − →H 2 ) occurs as a side reaction, and the pH of the cathode layer increases. 18,19) Therefore, when metal ions (M n + ) that hydrolyze at low pHs are added to electrolyte solutions as a second element, they turn into solid hydroxides or oxides via a hydrolysis reaction (M n + +nH 2 O→M(OH) n + nH + ) and codeposit with the deposited Zn films. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Thus, the hydrolysis reaction during electrodeposition facilitates composite electrodeposition, without the need for the addition of insoluble solid particles into the electrolyte.…”