Electrodeposition of aluminium from room temperature AlCl3-TMPAC molten salts

Zhao, Yi; VanderNoot, T.J.

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(96)00271-x

Cited by 104 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…One drawback is difficulty with preparation due to the highly exothermic reaction between 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC), and AlCl 3 , making them expensive [167,179,180]. Other chloroaluminate ionic liquids such as trimethylphenyl ammonium chloride (TMPAC)-AlCl 3 are easy and inexpensive to prepare in a relatively high state of purity since TMPAC is commercially available in high-purity [181]. The conductivity of the AlCl 3 /EMIC ionic liquids is significantly inferior to that of aqueous solutions at 0.017 S cm À1 [179] compared to 0.7 S cm À1 for 7 mol dm À3 KOH at 30 C [56].…”

Section: Ionic Liquid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries

Egan¹,

León²,

Wood³

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

403

191

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h i g h l i g h t s< Discussion of the rationale to choose a suitable alloy for Aleair battery. < Effect of the properties and preparation route to enhance the oxidation of Al. < Effect of the inhibitors on the anode oxidation in the alkaline electrolyte. This review shows the influence of the materials, including: aluminium alloy, oxygen reduction catalyst and electrolyte type, in the battery performance. Two issues are considered: (a) the parasitic corrosion of aluminium at open-circuit potential and under discharge, due to the reduction of water on the anode and (b) the formation of a passive hydroxide layer on aluminium, which inhibits dissolution and shifts its potential to positive values. To overcome these two issues, super-pure (99.999 wt%) aluminium alloyed with traces of Mg, Sn, In and Ga are used to inhibit corrosion or to break down the passive hydroxide layer. Since high-purity aluminium alloys are expensive, an alternative approach is to add inhibitors or additives directly into the electrolyte. The effectiveness of binary and ternary alloys and the addition of different electrolyte additives are evaluated. Novel methods to overcome the self-corrosion problem include using anionic membranes and gel electrolytes or alternative solvents, such as alcohols or ionic liquids, to replace aqueous solutions. The air cathode is also considered and future opportunities and directions for the development of aluminiumeair cells are highlighted.

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Section: Ionic Liquid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries

Egan¹,

León²,

Wood³

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

403

191

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“…Ionic liquids possess a number of interesting and advantageous characteristics, which vary depending on the individual liquid [60][61][62], suited to the purposes of electrochemistry. Unlike aqueous molecular electrolytes, ionic liquids have wide potential windows, some of which are in the realm of 6 V. Along with their good conductance, especially when compared to other nonaqueous solvents, ILs allow for the deposition of metals with large negative reduction potentials, such as aluminum [63,64] or zinc [65], without the hindrance of poor current efficiencies or corrosion of the substrate or deposit. Ionic liquids are also nonvolatile, possessing high metal salt solubility and low vapor pressures, even at temperatures in excess of 300 C [66], with some being liquid down to temperatures of 175 K [67].…”

Section: Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For further reading, a number of excellent in-depth reviews exist focusing on the topic of ionic liquids including their properties [61,62,73], use in electrochemistry [64,65,[90][91][92][93], and electrodeposition of metals [68,72]. The goal of this chapter is to highlight the potential use of ionic liquids in the coating of magnesium and its alloys as well as review and summarize some of the recent studies conducted for that purpose.…”

Section: Ionic Liquids and Surface Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid Treatments for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium‐Based Substrates

Petro

Schlesinger

Song³

2010

Modern Electroplating

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SONG INTRODUCTIONMagnesium (Mg) is the eighth most abundant element on earth, possessing several advantageous properties including a high strength to weight ratio and one of the lightest metals with a density that is only two-thirds that of aluminum and one-fourth that of iron at 1.74 g cm À3 . Additional properties that contribute to magnesium's versatility in the automotive, electronic, and aerospace industries include a high thermal conductivity, high dimensional stability, good electromagnetic shielding characteristics, high damping characteristics, good machinability, and easy recyclability [1]. These properties make the utilization of magnesium of particular interest to the automotive and aerospace industries where the weight reduction provides a simple means to achieve higher fuel efficiencies without sacrificing structural strength.Despite its many valuable properties, magnesium remains a very reactive element, prone to a number of undesirable properties, including poor corrosion and wear resistance, poor creep resistance, and high chemical reactivity, which have limited its wider industrial use. As such, automobiles currently possess few magnesium cast parts, averaging only a few pounds per car. Pure magnesium corrodes rapidly in humid atmospheric and/or aqueous environments where anions such as Cl À , Br À , I À , and SO À x promote local and generalized corrosion [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Compounds like alcohols, ethers, and phenols also attack magnesium [13]. Although alloying magnesium with elements such as manganese, aluminum, zinc, zirconium, and rare earths [14,15] can improve its properties, magnesium and its alloys continue to be extremely susceptible to galvanic corrosion, which can cause severe pitting in the metal, resulting in decreased mechanical stability and an unattractive appearance of the surface. Although uniform attack [16][17][18] is generally the most prevalent form of electrochemical corrosion, occurring with equal intensity over the entire surface of the metal, in the case of magnesium, especially pure magnesium, the partially protective surface film makes localized galvanic [19][20][21][22][23][24] and pitting corrosion [25-35] more common and worrisome, largely due to the difficulty in their detection and suppression. Galvanic corrosion occurs when two metals/alloys having differing compositions, and thus standard electrode potentials, are electrically coupled in the presence of an electrolyte. This coupling results in the formation of a galvanic cell, which preferentially corrodes the more reactive, or electronegative, of the two metals. Since magnesium has a highly negative standard electrode potential (E 0 ¼À2.37 V) there are few metal couples with which serious and rapid corrosion does not occur. Pitting corrosion, defined by the formation of small pits on the surface of a metal/alloy, usually stem from galvanic corrosion of a surface defect and progresses similar to crevice corrosion, where stagnant liquid in a crevice begins oxidizing the metal and/or its pass...

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“…There are many studies reporting the electrodeposition of Al in acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquids [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. When the reduction potential of MCl mþ nÀm is more positive than that of Al 2 Cl In the case of basic ionic liquids that contain AlCl 3 at less than 50 mol%, the metal salt acts as a Lewis acid by accepting the chloride anions in the ionic liquids to form a chlorocomplex anion:…”

Section: Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Metals in Ionic Liquids

Katayama¹

2005

Electrochemical Aspects of Ionic Liquids

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Electrodeposition of aluminium from room temperature AlCl3-TMPAC molten salts

Cited by 104 publications

References 16 publications

Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries

Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries

Ionic Liquid Treatments for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium‐Based Substrates

Electrodeposition of Metals in Ionic Liquids

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