Electrodeposition of Aluminum from the Aluminum Chloride‐1‐Methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium Chloride Room Temperature Molten Salt + Benzene

Liao, Qing; Pitner, William R.; Stewart, Gemma; Hussey, Charles L.; Stafford, Gery R.

doi:10.1149/1.1837510

Cited by 127 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…59 The orientation of the obtained samples was studied by analyzing the results of XRD. 41,58 The normalized integrated intensity, P hkl , for the (111), (200), (220), (311), and (222) reflections were calculated by using the following expression:…”

Section: Composition Analysis and Crystal Structure Of The Electrodepmentioning

confidence: 99%

A promising method for electrodeposition of aluminium on stainless steel in ionic liquid

et al. 2009

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in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).A promising method for aluminium deposition was proposed by using AlCl 3 /[bmim]Cl (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) ionic liquid as electrolyte. By using this novel method, the volatile and flammable organic solvent systems and the high corrosive inorganic molten salts with high temperature can be substituted, and the deposit microstructure can be easily adjusted by changing the current density, temperature and electrolyte composition. The study was performed by means of galvano-static electrolysis and the optimum operating conditions were determined based on the systematic studies of the effects of current density, temperature, molar ratio of AlCl 3 to [bmim]Cl, stirring speed and deposition time on the quality of deposited coatings. The electrical conductivities of electrolytes were also investigated as a function of temperature (298-358 K) and molar ratio of AlCl 3 to [bmim]Cl (from 0.1:1 to 2.0:1). Dense, bright and adherent aluminium coatings were obtained over a wide range of temperature (298-348 K), current densities (8-44 mA/cm 2 ) and molar ratio (1.6:1-2.0:1). Results from the analysis of crystal structure show that all of the electrodeposits exhibit a preferred (200) crystallographic orientation. Temperature has significant influence on the crystallographic orientation and there does not appear to be an apparent impact of current density on it. Analyses of the chronoamperograms indicate that the deposition process of aluminium on stainless steel was controlled by three-dimension nucleation with diffusion-controlled growth and there is a conversion from progressive nucleation to instantaneous nucleation.

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Section: Composition Analysis and Crystal Structure Of The Electrodepmentioning

confidence: 99%

A promising method for electrodeposition of aluminium on stainless steel in ionic liquid

et al. 2009

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“…35,[40][41][42][43] Surprisingly, the crystallographic texture of the resulting Al deposit depends on the co-solvent used. 35,40,41 For example, as shown in Fig. 2, Takahashi, et al, 35 found that the orientation indexes of the Al electrochemically obtained in chloroaluminate RTILs with benzene and toluene, respectively are 200 and 111 at applied current densities exceeding 1.5 A dm −2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Tsuda

Stafford

Hussey

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this article, we review the progress in the area of electrochemical technology with Lewis acidic haloaluminate room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), such as AlCl 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and AlBr 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, and novel chloroaluminate mixtures consisting of AlCl 3 and polarizable molecules, e.g., dimethylsulfone and urea, during this decade. The number of researchers in the field seems to increase steadily, because now we can handle haloaluminate RTILs and their mixtures with other solvents and materials more easily than we could in the past. In this review, we have categorized the electrochemical technology based on these RTILs into two topics: electroplating and energy storage. In fact, much of the current research is based on work begun during the period from ∼1970 until the 1990's. Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which is a name synonymous with room-temperature molten salts, have received considerable attention as novel reaction media, liquid materials, and starting materials for functional carbon material. (The name "ionic liquid" was arbitrarily chosen to represent what are actually salts that liquefy at temperatures below 373 K.) The interest in these materials stems from their favorable physicochemical properties, such as low-flammability, negligible vapor pressure, relatively high ionic conductivity, and high electrochemical stability. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] It is now common knowledge in the chemistry community that many RTILs are stable in air or even water. The "first generation ionic liquids" were difficult to handle because the typical anions known at that time, e.g., AlCl 4 − and Al 2 Cl 7 − , reacted strongly with moisture in the air. Only a very limited number of laboratories with special skills for handling them could effectively use these RTILs. No doubt, the flourishing interest in RTIL chemistry was heavily abetted by the discovery of air and water stable systems, i.e., the so-called "second generation ionic liquids".However, we should not devalue the first generation systems such as those based on quaternary organic halide salts and aluminum halides, e.g., AlBr 3 and AlCl 3 , known as haloaluminates. The reactivity of the haloaluminates as well as their adjustable Lewis acidity is precisely what makes them interesting and very versatile. By contrast, the second-generation "inert" ionic liquids, are just that: inert and nonreactive, both chemically and electrochemically. Furthermore, the ionic conductivity and viscosity of the haloaluminates, which are important factors for the electrochemical applications described herein, exceed those for the comparable second-generation RTILs. For example, the ionic conductivity and viscosity for 60.0-40.0 mole percent (or 60 mol%) AlCl 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 2 mim]Cl) are 17.1 mS cm −1 and 15.35 mPa s, respectively, at 298 K.8 (In the interest of brevity, we will refer to the composition of these ionic liquids by simply stating only the amount of the aluminum halide.) On the other ...

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“…Furthermore, technically important alloys such as Al/ Mg, Al/ Cr and others can be made by electrochemical means. Addition of organic solvents such as benzene or toluene has shown that bright finishes can be obtained after deposition (Liao et al, 1997). The miscibility of the chloroaluminate based ionic liquids with organic solvents such as toluene and benzene means that the ionic liquid can be cleaned away from the sample after deposition has taken place.…”

Section: Electrodeposition Using Deep Eutectic Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on electrochemical properties of choline chloride based eutectic solvent in mineral processing

Obeten¹,

Ugi²,

Alobi³

2017

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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ABSTRACT:Our review highlights the most recent developments in ionic liquid (IL) chemistry where the "well-known" description of IL properties sometimes proves to be inaccurate. However, in the authors' opinion, all these new research developments concerning ionic liquid properties serve to update knowledge on the typical physical and chemical properties of ILs, which is significant to both theoretical research and industrial applications. Therefore, rather than attempting to give a comprehensive overview of ionic liquid chemistry, the paper presents an opportunity to understand deep eutectic solvents (DES) through a more complete and accurate view. © JASEM https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v21i5.29

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Electrodeposition of Aluminum from the Aluminum Chloride‐1‐Methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium Chloride Room Temperature Molten Salt + Benzene

Cited by 127 publications

References 16 publications

A promising method for electrodeposition of aluminium on stainless steel in ionic liquid

A promising method for electrodeposition of aluminium on stainless steel in ionic liquid

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

A review on electrochemical properties of choline chloride based eutectic solvent in mineral processing

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