The constant current electrodeposition of bulk aluminum on copper substrates was investigated in the Lewis acidic [> 50 mole percent (m/o) AlCl3 ] aluminum chloride‐1‐methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium chloride room temperature molten salt ( AlCl3 ‐MeEtimCl). Although aluminum can be electroplated from the neat molten salt, we have found that the quality of the electrodeposit is greatly enhanced by the addition of benzene as a “cosolvent.” Electrodeposits produced in such melts exhibited a grain size on the order of 5 to 15 μm. The lattice parameters of these electrodeposits were slightly smaller than the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) value; this was attributed to the presence of vacancies in the aluminum lattice that were present at concentrations ranging from about 0.1 to 0.5 atomic percent (a/o). The copper substrate was found to have a slight (311) texture as determined by x‐ray diffraction; however, all of the electrodeposits exhibited a preferred (220) crystallographic orientation with the intensity of the (311) reflection being equal to that of a randomly oriented sample. The (200) and (111) reflections were relatively weak. The relative intensity of the (220) reflection increased and those for the (311), (200), and (111) orientations decreased as the benzene concentration was increased. A Williamson‐Hall treatment indicated that microstrain in the electrodeposits was essentially nonexistent.

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Electrodeposition of Aluminum from the Aluminum Chloride-1methyl-3-ethylimidazolium Chloride Room Temperature Molten Salt + Benzene. -The quality of bulk Al on Cu substrates, deposited at constant current from the Lewis acidic room-temp. molten salt system of title containing an excess of AlCl3, is significantly improved by addition of benzene as "cosolvent". Al electrodeposits of 5-15 µm particle size, which are essentially free from microstrains are formed. They exhibit a preferred (220) orientation, the relative intensity of which increases with benzene concentration. According to the XRD data, the Cu substrate has a slight (311) texture. -(LIAO, Q.; PITNER, W. R.; STEWART, G.; HUSSEY, C. L.; STAFFORD, G. R.; J.

OBJECTIVESA novel practice-based scheme monitors quality of life (QOL) in pets by assessing the five welfare needs using a 'traffic light' system and identifying improvement actions that owners can implement. The change in QOL of cats and dogs between first and second assessment consultations was analysed. METHODSData from assessment consultations for cats and dogs were collected at 51 PDSA Pet Hospitals. All animals had a first consult (PW1) and some had a second (PW2). Data included the score (red, amber or green) for each of the welfare needs categories -environment, diet, behaviour, companionship and health. Improvement actions advised during the consultation were also recorded. The frequency of each score per category was calculated for all PW1 and PW2. Scores from individuals with both PW1 and PW2 were translated into a positive, neutral or negative change in QOL. A proportion of improvement actions was analysed. RESULTSData from PW1 consultations with 42647 cats and 14315 dogs were available. PW2 was recorded for 8% of cats and 9% of dogs. Overall, a higher frequency of green scores and a lower frequency of red and amber scores was reported at PW2 compared to PW1. For individuals with both consultations, 53% of cats and 40% of dogs had a positive overall change. The category with most improvement actions suggested across PW1 and PW2 was 'health'. STATEMENT (CONCLUSIONS)QOL indicators improved between the two assessment consultations for both species. This information can assist in promoting the scheme to veterinary practices and owners. METHODSDuring August 2016, veterinary surgeons in small animal general practice in the United Kingdom and owners whose dog(s) and/or cat(s) had attended a preventative healthcare consultation during the previous 3 months were recruited. Semi-structured qualitative telephone interviews were conducted to explore experiences of, and attitudes towards, preventative healthcare consultations. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed to identify key themes. This abstract reports the theme: 'Expectations of vaccination consultation content'. RESULTSTwenty-nine interviews were conducted with 14 veterinary surgeons and 15 owners. Primary vaccination course consultations were described to have a relatively consistent structure which met owner expectations. In contrast, perspectives on what should be included in adult pet vaccination consultations ranged widely amongst both owners and veterinary surgeons. All veterinary surgeons and several owners described tensions that had occurred during these consultations. Time pressures, mismatched expectations and unexpected findings on clinical examination appeared to be important, and potentially modifiable, sources of owner-veterinary surgeon friction. STATEMENT (CONCLUSIONS)This research identifies mismatched expectations of what should happen during vaccination consultations. We recommend that the focus and content of adult dog and cat vaccination consultations be urgently reviewed to ensure they meet the needs and...