Electrodeposition of Lu on W and Al electrodes: Electrochemical formation of Lu–Al alloys and oxoacidity reactions of Lu(III) in the eutectic LiCl–KCl

Bermejo, Manuel R.; Barrado, E.; Martínez, Ana María; Castrillejo, Y.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.01.017

Cited by 70 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…They reported a crossover in the CV, attributing it to nucleation phenomena, in which the formation of stable gadolinium nuclei on a foreign substrate requires a more negative potential than the deposition of gadolinium on a gadolinium surface. In a different study, 27 the same group investigated electrodeposition of lutetium on an inert electrode in LiCl-KCl eutectic. The S-H theoretical model was used to analyze chronoamperometric data.…”

Section: H5328mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth of Uranium and Plutonium from Molten Salts

Tylka¹,

Willit²,

Williamson³

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This work examines the nucleation and growth behavior of uranium and plutonium from molten LiCl-KCl eutectic on inert electrodes using electrochemical techniques. Current-time transients obtained from chronoamperometric experiments were compared with theoretical models to characterize the type of nucleation (progressive or instantaneous) for deposition of U and Pu, and co-deposition of U-Pu, from molten LiCl-KCl at inert electrodes. It was established that the nucleation mode of actinides present as chlorides in molten chloride salts changes from progressive to instantaneous with an increasing concentration of the trivalent actinide ions in the salt. The effect of the material of the working electrode was investigated, and it was found that changing the material from tungsten to silver improves resolvability of the nucleation peaks and allows more accurate analysis of the experimental measurements. Using the nucleation data, diffusion coefficients were obtained for U 3+ and Pu 3+ , and were found to be in very good agreement with the values obtained from other studies. The density of nuclei produced during instantaneous nucleation, the rate of nucleation for progressive nucleation, and the radius of the deposited nuclei were evaluated and examined at different overpotentials. Pyrochemical reprocessing technology represents a promising alternative to aqueous processes for separating actinides from irradiated fuel by applying electrolytic methods to the molten salt media. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Electrorefining is the main step in pyrochemical reprocessing. During this process, actinides are separated from the bulk of the fission product elements by electrotransport onto a solid or liquid cathode. Electrochemical deposition that takes place at the electrode/electrolyte interface occurs by a process of nucleation and growth and is strongly dependent on the overpotential. [8][9][10][11] Nuclei initially form at active sites of the substrate, consistent with some nucleation rate law, and then grow via the incorporation of additional ions from the electrolyte. Determination of the fundamental parameters of the nucleation and growth phenomena and a very good physical understanding of these processes are essential for improved control and efficiency of pyroprocesses.Electrochemical methods are widely used to study nucleation and growth phenomena in aqueous or molten media because the driving force of nucleation can be easily changed by varying the applied potential.12 Chronoamperometry (CA) is the most frequently used technique for quantitative analysis of the deposition process; it entails applying potential step pulses and observing the resulting currenttime transients. Immediately after applying the potential step, there is a decreasing current transient corresponding to the charging of the double layer, followed by a current due to the formation of the new phase, and an increase in the number of nuclei. As the nuclei grow, the coalescence of adjacent diffusion zones gives rise to a current maximum, followed by a decay...

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Section: H5328mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth of Uranium and Plutonium from Molten Salts

Tylka¹,

Willit²,

Williamson³

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The electrodeposition of lutetium on inert electrodes and the formation of lutetium-aluminum alloys were investigated in the eutectic LiCl-KCl in the temperature range 946-1096 • C. Al 3 Lu and mixtures of Al 3 Lu and Al 2 Lu, were obtained from the LiCl-KCl melt containing Lu(III) by potentiostatic electrolysis using an Al electrode [131].…”

Section: Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of metals from non-aqueous solutions

Simka

Puszczyk

Nawrat

2009

Electrochimica Acta

277

154

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“…It is well-known that, if an Al electrode is introduced into an electrochemical cell as a working electrode, the reduction of Eu 2+ occurs at potentials more positive than those of Li + and thus Eu can be deposited onto the working electrode [9]. Castrillejo's group reported the deposition of Lns, such as Dy [11], Gd [12], Er [13], Ho [14], Eu [9], and Lu [15] on an Al electrode. Glatz et al also studied the electrochemical reductions of Lns and Ans on the Al electrode in which they compared the reductions on the Al electrode with that on a W electrode [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%