Electrodeposition of Ni oxide on TiO2 nanotube arrays for enhancing visible light photoelectrochemical water splitting

Electrochemical Engineering of Nanoporous Materials for Photocatalysis: Fundamentals, Advances, and Perspectives

“…Although ECD is limited by low deposition rate and single use of host template, this process is cost-effective, environmentally friendly and can be performed in any wet chemistry laboratory [72,101,107]. Various metals [35,108], oxides [30,109,110] and sulphides [31] can be electrodeposited to enhance the properties of EENMs for photocatalysis applications, including conductivity, chemical stability, PEC and photocatalytic properties [71].…”

“…High photocatalytic rates have also been reported for EENMs decorated with semiconductor nanoparticles (i.e., CuO, Fe 2 O 3 , ZnO, Bi 2 O 3 , ZnTe or NiO). These hybrid structures were produced by slow hydrolysis of precursors [126], dip coating [127], chemical vapor deposition [128] and electrodeposition [30,109,110,129]. Enhanced photocatalytic performances were attributed to heterojunction formation, increase in surface area and/or possible charge injection from the electronic states of decorated nanoparticles.…”

“…Chemically modified TiO 2 nanotubes have also been widely investigated for their potential in photocatalytic [20,28,29,[97][98][99]103,117,123] and photo-electrocatalytic [7,31,74,[86][87][88]109] water splitting to generate clean H 2 . TiO 2 nanotubes split water efficiently as photoanodes in a photo-electrochemical setting with an ideal electrode (such as Pt) for "slow" cathodic H 2 evolution reaction under voltage bias [179].…”

“…TiO 2 nanotubes split water efficiently as photoanodes in a photo-electrochemical setting with an ideal electrode (such as Pt) for "slow" cathodic H 2 evolution reaction under voltage bias [179]. Photoanodes based on TiO 2 nanotubes have been reported to be more promising than nanoparticulate layers due to their well-defined geometry and incorporation with co-catalysts (i.e., CuO and NiO) [31,109] or dopants (i.e., Nb, Ru, C and Ta) [7,74,[86][87][88]. Particularly promising results regarding the modification of TiO 2 nanotubes for water splitting have been reported by Roy et al [87] and Yoo et al [88].…”

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation using two-phase anatase/brookite titanium dioxide nanostructures

“…and oxygen under visible light illumination in the range of 400 to 550 nm 44 . Since then, many different metal ions such as V 45,46 , Ni 47,48 , Cr 44,49 , Mo 50,51 , Fe 52,53 , Sn 54,55 and and thus narrowing the band gap of TiO 2 61 . Although doping with S shows similar band gap narrowing, the ionic radius of S is too large to be incorporated into the TiO 2 crystal as evidenced by a much larger formation energy required for the substitution of S than that required for the substitution of N 61 .…”