Electrodialytic removal of fluoride from water: Effects of process parameters and accompanying anions

Arsenic and fluoride contaminated groundwaters: A review of current technologies for contaminants removal

“…The AMP ® membrane removed 69% and 97% F when the applied current density was 0.1 and 0.7 A/dm 2 , respectively whereas the MZA™ membrane removed 40% F without pretreatments. Ergun et al (2008) reported that electrodialysis is the best method for F removal wherein anion exchange membrane SB-6407 was used and found that increasing current density and feed concentration at pH 6 was the most effective. The presence of Cl and SO 4 ions in the feed decreased the F removal efficiency.…”

Removal of Fluoride from Water by Adsorption onto Fired Clay Pots: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies

“…Concentration higher than this value can lead to fluorosis (dental and/or skeletal) and several types of neurological damage in severe cases [5]. Many methods have been developed for fluoride removal from water such as adsorption [6], ion exchange [7], membrane processes such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration [8,9], electrodialysis [10,11], and precipitation [12]. Among these methods, adsorption is a widely used method for defluoridation which depends on ions (adsorbate) in fluid diffusing to the surface of a solid (adsorbent) when they are bound to the solid surface or are held there by weak intermolecular forces [13].…”

An excellent fluoride sorption behavior of ceramic adsorbent

“…The most commonly used methods for the defluoridation of water are adsorption, ion-exchange, precipitation, nano-filtration and electrodialysis [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Among these methods, adsorption has been found to be superior to other techniques for fluoride removal based on initial cost, flexibility and simplicity of design, and ease of operation and maintenance [16].…”