Electrogastrographic and Autonomic Responses During Oculovestibular Recoupling in Flight Simulation

Cevette, Michael J.; Pradhan, Gaurav N.; Cocco, Daniela; Crowell, Michael D.; Galea, Anna M.; Bartlett, Jennifer; Štěpánek, Jan

doi:10.3357/asem.3673.2014

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Multiple authors previously reported on significant changes in GSR due to thermal sweat as a symptom of MS [25,73] as well as changes of other drivers' autonomic responses due to MS, most commonly measured with HR or HR variability (HRV) [22][23][24]. Although not being of primary interest in this study, we explored potential use of those measurements in addition to EGG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As subjective measurements could sometimes be biased, there is also an ongoing need in the research community for the development of objective measurement methods [4,5]. Despite low overall success, correlations of drivers' physiological signals with the symptoms of MS have been established through heart rate variability [22][23][24], body temperature [25], skin conductance [25][26][27] and electrogastrogram [27,28]. Among the research, the most often reported and widely studied MS symptom is nausea [4,5,11,25,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrogastrography in Autonomous Vehicles—An Objective Method for Assessment of Motion Sickness in Simulated Driving Environments

Gruden

Popović

Stojmenova

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Autonomous vehicles are expected to take complete control of the driving process, enabling the former drivers to act as passengers only. This could lead to increased sickness as they can be engaged in tasks other than driving. Adopting different sickness mitigation techniques gives us unique types of motion sickness in autonomous vehicles to be studied. In this paper, we report on a study where we explored the possibilities of assessing motion sickness with electrogastrography (EGG), a non-invasive method used to measure the myoelectric activity of the stomach, and its potential usage in autonomous vehicles (AVs). The study was conducted in a high-fidelity driving simulator with a virtual reality (VR) headset. There separate EGG measurements were performed: before, during and after the driving AV simulation video in VR. During the driving, the participants encountered two driving environments: a straight and less dynamic highway road and a highly dynamic and curvy countryside road. The EGG signal was recorded with a proprietary 3-channel recording device and Ag/AgCl cutaneous electrodes. In addition, participants were asked to signalize whenever they felt uncomfortable and nauseated by pressing a special button. After the drive they completed also the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and reported on their overall subjective perception of sickness symptoms. The EGG results showed a significant increase of the dominant frequency (DF) and the percentage of the high power spectrum density (FSD) as well as a significant decrease of the power spectrum density Crest factor (CF) during the AV simulation. The vast majority of participants reported nausea during more dynamic conditions, accompanied by an increase in the amplitude and the RMS value of EGG. Reported nausea occurred simultaneously with the increase in EGG amplitude. Based on the results, we conclude that EGG could be used for assessment of motion sickness in autonomous vehicles. DF, CF and FSD can be used as overall sickness indicators, while the relative increase in amplitude of EGG signal and duration of that increase can be used as short-term sickness indicators where the driving environment may affect the driver.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrogastrography in Autonomous Vehicles—An Objective Method for Assessment of Motion Sickness in Simulated Driving Environments

Gruden

Popović

Stojmenova

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Based on pilots' vestibular system restitution pattern follow-Lewkowicz R. et al -The incidence of simulator... Individual diff erences in susceptibility to simulator sickness and its multisymptomatic nature mean that, despite numerous attempts [14,15,19,24,30,61,73,78], no eff ective tool has yet been developed to objectively measure the severity of this sickness. Although there are several measures of simulator sickness that can be used in studies where simulator sickness is expected to be a problem, among the most widely used, wellvalidated measure of simulator sickness is the subjective measurement method involving selfassessment with the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) [7,35,38].…”

Section: Simulator Sickness In a Spatial Disorientation Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incidence of Simulator Sickness in Pilots and Non-Pilots Exposed to Spatial Disorientation Events in the Gyro-Ipt Simulator

Lewkowicz

Bałaj

Francuz

2023

PJAMBP

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Introduction: A previous study conducted in the Gyro-IPT simulator revealed that applied flight scenarios induced minor severity of simulator sickness symptoms in participants. In this study, however, we did not investigate how the severity of symptoms differs between pilots and non-pilots. Therefore, the presented study aimed to examine whether the symptoms of simulator sickness induced in pilots and non-pilots during spatial disorientation (SD) training are significantly different. We were particularly interested in whether the standard flight scenario used in SD training could be a contributing factor in increasing simulator sickness in novice, inexperienced pilots. Method: We used the data from the previous study, where twenty male military pilots (age 31.6 ±8.22) with flight experience (total flight hours 1300 ±1167.4) and 20 non-pilots (age 30.9 ±7.72) were assigned to one of two groups and then exposed to a 1-hour long flight session (12 flight profiles, six involved an SD-conflict) with active control in the Gyro IPT simulator. To measure simulator sickness symptoms, the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) was administered pre and post-simulator exposure. In the presented study, the SSQ scores were analyzed independently for the total SSQ and subscores for nausea, oculomotor, and disorientation, and then were compared between groups. Results: The score of the total severity and for each subscale of SSQ symptoms in the non-pilots‘ group were higher than those in the pilots group, however, these differences were not significant. Despite the observed differences, according to the SSQ scoring criteria the simulator sickness symptoms reported by the participants after exposure to the applied flight scenario were negligible. Conclusion: The flight scenarios used in SD training did not generate significantly different symptoms of simulator sickness between non-pilots and pilots. The low level of severity of simulator sickness symptoms in these two study groups may indicate difficulty in predicting simulator sickness based on SSQ only.

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“…In recent years, Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS), the application of low-level electrical current to the vestibular system to induce the sensation of motion, in synchronization with the visual information in flight simulation, has shown potential to provide users with multimodal sensory perceptions and mitigate simulator-induced motion sickness (Cevette et al, 2012 ). This work, building on previous uses of GVS applications (Cevette et al, 2012 , 2014 ), evaluated the ability of GVS to simulate common flight illusions by intentionally providing mismatched GVS applications during flight simulation scenarios in VR. Typically, GVS is achieved by passing current in the range of 1–2.5mA, stimulating the vestibular system, which then interprets the GVS-evoked input like an actual head movement (Fitzpatrick and Day, 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pitch and roll perceptions are created with additional electrodes placed on the forehead and nape of the neck electrodes and sending specific patterns of GVS stimulation (Cevette et al, 2010 ). Previously, we integrated GVS with a flight simulation program to synchronize visual and vestibular stimulation in near real-time to demonstrate the potential improved simulator immersion with oculo-vestibular recoupling (OVR; Cevette et al, 2012 , 2014 ). This study investigated whether applying GVS mismatched with the visual scene in a flight simulation environment could be a feasible method to help prepare pilots for the vestibular disturbances that often occur in real flight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating Flight Illusions Using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation in Virtual Reality Flight Simulations

Pradhan¹,

Galvan-Garza²,

Perez³

et al. 2022

Front. Neuroergonomics

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BackgroundVestibular flight illusions remain a significant source of concern for aviation training. Most fixed-based simulation training environments, including new virtual reality (VR) technology, lack the ability to recreate vestibular flight illusions as vestibular cues cannot be provided without stimulating the vestibular end organs. Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) has long been used to create vestibular perception. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of GVS to simulate common flight illusions by intentionally providing mismatched GVS during flight simulation scenarios in VR.MethodsNineteen participants performed two flight simulation tasks—take off and sustained turn—during two separate VR flight simulation sessions, with and without GVS (control). In the GVS session, specific multi-axis GVS stimulation (i.e., electric currents) was provided to induce approximate somatogravic and Coriolis illusions during the take-off and sustained turn tasks, respectively. The participants used the joystick to self-report their subjective motion perception. The angular joystick movement along the roll, yaw, and pitch axes was used to measure cumulative angular distance and peak angular velocity as continuous variables of motion perception across corresponding axes. Presence and Simulator Sickness Questionnaires were administered at the end of each session.ResultsThe magnitude and variability of perceived somatogravic illusion during take-off task in the form of cumulative angular distance (p < 0.001) and peak velocity (p < 0.001) along the pitch-up axis among participants were significantly larger in the GVS session than in the NO GVS session. Similarly, during the sustained turn task, perceived Coriolis illusion in the form of cumulative angular distances (roll: p = 0.005, yaw: p = 0.015, pitch: p = 0.007) and peak velocities (roll: p = 0.003, yaw: p = 0.01, pitch: p = 0.007) across all three axes were significantly larger in the GVS session than in the NO GVS session. Subjective nausea was low overall, but significantly higher in the GVS session than in the NO GVS session (p = 0.026).DiscussionOur findings demonstrated that intentionally mismatched GVS can significantly affect motion perception and create flight illusion perceptions during fixed-based VR flight simulation. This has the potential to enhance future training paradigms, providing pilots the ability to safely experience, identify, and learn to appropriately respond to flight illusions during ground training.

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Electrogastrographic and Autonomic Responses During Oculovestibular Recoupling in Flight Simulation

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Electrogastrography in Autonomous Vehicles—An Objective Method for Assessment of Motion Sickness in Simulated Driving Environments

Electrogastrography in Autonomous Vehicles—An Objective Method for Assessment of Motion Sickness in Simulated Driving Environments

The Incidence of Simulator Sickness in Pilots and Non-Pilots Exposed to Spatial Disorientation Events in the Gyro-Ipt Simulator

Generating Flight Illusions Using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation in Virtual Reality Flight Simulations

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