Electrohydrodynamic Jet 3D Printed Nerve Guide Conduits (NGCs) for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair

Vijayavenkataraman, Sanjairaj; Zhang, Shuo; Thaharah, Siti; Sriram, Gopu; Lu, Wen Feng; Fuh, J.Y.H.

doi:10.3390/polym10070753

Cited by 68 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Conductivity is a desired property of tissue engineering scaffolds, especially in the field of neural tissue engineering (31). Graphene, being a highly conductive material, has been extensively explored for its use in the tissue engineering field in this decade (6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preparation, fabrication, and characterization procedures are explained in detail in our previous work (31). For PCL/rGO solution, 2.5 mg of rGO powder was added along with PCL pellets (70% w/v).…”

Section: Preparation Of Pcl and Pcl/rgo Solution Ehd-jet 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed procedures are explained in our previous work (31). Cell viability was determined using the PrestoBlue assay.…”

Section: Pc12 Cell Culture Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SEM, Raman spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, and mechanical (tensile) testing were performed to characterize the printed scaffolds. The preparation, fabrication, and characterization procedures are explained in detail in our previous work (31).…”

Section: Preparation Of Pcl and Pcl/rgo Solution Ehd-jet 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunochemistry studies were performed to assess the neural differentiation of PC12 cells on the scaffolds. Detailed procedures are explained in our previous work (31).…”

Section: Pc12 Cell Culture Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D‐Printed PCL/rGO Conductive Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair

et al. 2018

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The incidence of peripheral nerve injuries is on the rise and the current gold standard for treatment of such injuries is nerve autografting. Given the severe limitations of nerve autografts which include donor site morbidity and limited supply, neural guide conduits (NGCs) are considered as an effective alternative treatment. Conductivity is a desired property of an ideal NGC. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) possesses several advantages in addition to its conductive nature such as high surface area to volume ratio due to its nanostructure and has been explored for its use in tissue engineering. However, most of the works reported are on traditional 2D culture with a layer of rGO coating, while the native tissue microenvironment is three-dimensional. In this study, PCL/rGO scaffolds are fabricated using electrohydrodynamic jet (EHD-jet) 3D printing method as a proof of concept study. Mechanical and material characterization of the printed PCL/rGO scaffolds and PCL scaffolds was done. The addition of rGO results in softer scaffolds which is favorable for neural differentiation. In vitro neural differentiation studies using PC12 cells were also performed. Cell proliferation was higher in the PCL/rGO scaffolds than the PCL scaffolds. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry results reveal that PCL/rGO scaffolds support neural differentiation of PC12 cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Pcl and Pcl/rgo Solution Ehd-jet 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed procedures are explained in our previous work (31). Cell viability was determined using the PrestoBlue assay.…”

Section: Pc12 Cell Culture Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Pcl and Pcl/rgo Solution Ehd-jet 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pc12 Cell Culture Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D‐Printed PCL/rGO Conductive Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair

et al. 2018

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Peripheral Nerve Regeneration with 3D Printed Bionic Scaffolds Loading Neural Crest Stem Cell Derived Schwann Cell Progenitors

Yuan

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Peripheral nerve injuries are one of the most common types of traumatic damage to the nervous system. Treatment of peripheral nerve injuries aims to promote axon regrowth by imitating and improving the microenvironment for sciatic nerve regeneration. In this study, regeneration efficiency and behavior of peripheral nerves are compared under three treatment strategies: 1) transplantation of Schwann cell progenitors induced from purified neural crest stem cells; 2) implantation of a multiscale scaffold based on high‐resolution 3D printing; and 3) implantation of this bionic scaffold loading Schwann cell progenitors. The results of structural, electrophysiological, and behavioral tests demonstrate that the three treatment strategies result in different degrees of regeneration. The purified neural crest stem cells differentiate into functional Schwann cells and promote axon regeneration. The multifunctional 3D printed scaffold promotes oriented growth and myelination, and the myelinated nerve regrows with increased density and without visible scaffolds after six months. For the regeneration, scaffold treatment produces better performance than cell graft alone. Finally, it is shown that implantation of multiscale scaffolds preloaded with neural crest stem cell derived Schwann cell progenitors is the best strategy to promote peripheral nerve regeneration with improved anatomy and function among the three different strategies.

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Three Potential Elements of Developing Nerve Guidance Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Zhang,

Gong,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Autograft replaced by a nerve guidance conduit (NGC) is challenging in peripheral nerve injury because current NGC is still limited by precise conductivity and excellent biocompatibility in vivo, which influences the peripheral nerve repair even for a long lesion gap repair. Several particular elements have the potential function for nerve conductivity acceleration based on the traditional three factors of neural tissue engineering. The review aims to address three questions: 1) What is the superior factor for nerve conduction in the application? 2) How can a more conductive regenerative scaffold be constructed in vivo? 3) What is the next step in nerve regeneration for NGC? The bibliometrics analysis of NGC‐related references is adopted to acquire that the conductive material, manufacturing technology of neural scaffold, and electrical stimulation (ES) play essential roles in the acceleration of nerve conduction. This review visually analyses the research status and summarizes the main types of conductive materials, the manufacturing technologies of neural scaffolds, and the characteristics of ES. The viewpoints and outlook of developing NGC are also discussed in this review. The proposed three elements are expected to improve the nerve conduction of NGC in vivo and even address the dilemma of long‐distance peripheral nerve injury.

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Electrohydrodynamic Jet 3D Printed Nerve Guide Conduits (NGCs) for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair

Cited by 68 publications

References 57 publications

3D‐Printed PCL/rGO Conductive Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair

3D‐Printed PCL/rGO Conductive Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration with 3D Printed Bionic Scaffolds Loading Neural Crest Stem Cell Derived Schwann Cell Progenitors

Three Potential Elements of Developing Nerve Guidance Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

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