Agradeço a meus irmãos Renato e Marcelo, e à minha família, pela certeza de poder contar com vocês no momento que for preciso.Agradeço aos professores Lúcio e Ivano Gutz, pela amizade e por todos os ensinamentos recebidos.Agradeço especialmente à Alessandra, ao Carlos, ao Alberto e ao Wagner, que participaram de forma fundamental em partes deste trabalho, que em muito perderia sem essas valorosas contribuições.Agradeço aos demais colegas e agregados do laboratório, José Geraldo, Dosil, Flávio, Willian, Fabiano, Vítor, Adalgisa, Márcia, Jairo, Carol, Vânia, Renato, Renata, Gil, André, Daniela, Osmar, Rodrigo, Sérgio, Lúcia, Socorro, Erik, Iranaldo, Zé Maria, Heron, Marcelo, Eduardo, Pilar, Robinson, Femando, Ricardo, Marcone e Marlene pela ajuda, amizade e pelo excelente ambiente de trabalho.Agradeçoa todos os funcionáriosdo IQ, em especial ao pessoal da secretariade pós-graduação,Cibele,Milton e Emiliano,sempreprontosa nos atender e ajudar.
AbstractIn the present work, analytical methods for determination of neutral species based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) with contactless conductivity detection (CCD) were developed. Free solution capillary electrophoresis (FSCE) and micelar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) were applied to three cases: mixtures of aliphatic alcohols, mixtures of sugars, and salbutamol. These substances were selected due to their distinctiveness. The alcohols have well-defined polar and apoIar regions in their carbonic chain and are typical non-ionic species in aqueous medium. The sugars have a great number of hydroxyl groups along the carbonic chain, which give a polar nature and can be ionized at high pH values. The salbutamol is amphoteric. The best approach for the a1cohols was MEKC that allowed separation of five pentanol isomers with limit of detection of 10-4moI,L-I. A running electrolyte with pH 12.1 allowed determination of 10-5moI,L-I of fructose, glucose, galactose, and sucrose, using FSCE with 20-/-lminner diameter capillary. The sensitivity for the cationic and anionic forms of albuterol in FSCE was about ten times greater than that one achieved by MEKC for the neutral species. Since the conductivity detection in MEKC was not c1ear1yunderstood, some experiments were carried out in order to improve the knowledge about it. Conductivity and viscosity measurement as well as impedance analysis of buffered sodium dodecyl sulfate solution with n-alcohols and experiments using similar conditions in MEKC showed that CCD response is complex, because several phenomena contribute to the solution conductivity in the region of the analytes. The main phenomena, which are not proper1y considered in the previous models, are the effects of the analytes on the dissociation and ionization of the micelles. These phenomena would be responsible for the vacancies detected as negative peaks, which would be formed by the augment of the mobilities of the species involved in the micelle formation. lU