Electrokinetic Power Generation from Liquid Water Microjets

Duffin, Andrew M.; Saykally, Richard J.

doi:10.1021/jp8015276

Cited by 58 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The system operates by physics that fundamentally differs from the physics governing both classical fluidic electrokinetic energy conversion systems and electrostatic generators 3,4,[18][19][20] . It was inspired by prior work on microjet energy conversion 13,14,21 . However, the electrostatic induction of charge allows operation independently of the EDL on the membrane surface, enabling an increased droplet charge density and thus a lower target voltage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-efficiency ballistic electrostatic generator using microdroplets

et al. 2014

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The strong demand for renewable energy promotes research on novel methods and technologies for energy conversion. Microfluidic systems for energy conversion by streaming current are less known to the public, and the relatively low efficiencies previously obtained seemed to limit the further applications of such systems. Here we report a microdropletbased electrostatic generator operating by an acceleration-deceleration cycle ('ballistic' conversion), and show that this principle enables both high efficiency and compact simple design. Water is accelerated by pumping it through a micropore to form a microjet breaking up into fast-moving charged droplets. Droplet kinetic energy is converted to electrical energy when the charged droplets decelerate in the electrical field that forms between membrane and target. We demonstrate conversion efficiencies of up to 48%, a power density of 160 kW m À 2 and both high-(20 kV) and low-(500 V) voltage operation. Besides offering striking new insights, the device potentially opens up new perspectives for low-cost and robust renewable energy conversion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Micro-and nanofluidic energy conversion systems have recently been studied using the streaming potential phenomenon. Maximal conversion efficiencies of 3-5% were obtained in nanofluidic channels 11,12 and nearly 11% in a microjet system 13,14 .…”

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confidence: 97%

High-efficiency ballistic electrostatic generator using microdroplets

et al. 2014

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“…To reduce or eliminate the vapor background attending the use of liquid microjets, new detection techniques, motivated by optogalvanic 29,30 and electrokinetic [31][32][33] detection methods have been explored by our group. A schematic diagram of a typical microjet electrokinetics experiment is presented in Figure 1 previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic detection for X-ray spectra of weakly interacting liquids: n-decane and n-nonane

Lam

Shih

Smith

et al. 2014

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The introduction of liquid microjets into soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy enabled the windowless study of liquids by this powerful atom-selective high vacuum methodology. However, weakly interacting liquids produce large vapor backgrounds that strongly perturb the liquid signal. Consequently, solvents (e.g., hydrocarbons, ethers, ketones, etc.) and solutions of central importance in chemistry and biology have been inaccessible by this technology. Here we describe a new detection method, upstream detection, which greatly reduces the vapor phase contribution to the X-ray absorption signal while retaining important advantages of liquid microjet sample introduction (e.g., minimal radiation damage). The effectiveness of the upstream detection method is demonstrated in this first study of room temperature liquid hydrocarbons: n-nonane and n-decane. Good agreement with first principles’ calculations indicates that the eXcited electron and Core Hole theory adequately describes the subtle interactions in these liquids that perturb the electronic structure of the unoccupied states probed in core-level experiments.

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“…Associated with an adequate sample collector, as shown in Figure 4, it is also applicable in vacuum chambers and becomes suitable for photoelectron spectroscopy. [15] The inconvenience of having to produce a constant flow rate is that the sample must pass through a sophisticated HPLC pump, [15][16][17] which consequently requires sample volumes that are larger than our targeted sub-milliliter. Note also that while passing in either the air or in vacuum, the sample's solvent is subjected to evaporation.…”

Section: Liquid Micro-jetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16] Furthermore, the high speed at which the sample go through the nozzle induces charging of the liquid and or of the nozzle, which might alter the measurement. [17] …”

Section: Liquid Micro-jetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidics for Ultrafast Spectroscopy

Chauvet¹

2016

Advances in Microfluidics - New Applications in Biology, Energy, and Materials Sciences

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Ultrafast laser technologies became one of the essential tool in the characterization of molecular compounds. Being comprised of spectroscopists, laser scientists, chemists and biologists, the "ultrafast community" is often disconnected and consequently unaware of the developments in microfluidic systems. The challenges of studying limited amount of precious liquid sample by means of ultrafast spectroscopy remains silent and, while no commercial systems are available, each research group is developing its own "homemade" options. This chapter will therefore contribute in filling up the gap that exist between the two communities, that of the ultrafast spectroscopy and that of microfluidics by revealing the importance of this analytical tool as well as the advantages of applying microfluidic technics to it. In this goal, the chapter will focus of the recently developed microfluidic flow-cell. With a minimal volume of about 250 µL, the flow-cell enables the study of precious protein complexes that are simply not available in larger quantities. The multiple advantages of the microfluidic flow-cell will be illustrated by the analysis of the cytochrome bc 1 . In particular, the study will describe how the capabilities of the microfluidic flow-cell enabled the resolution of the ultrafast electronic and nuclear dynamics of specific embedded chromophores.

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Electrokinetic Power Generation from Liquid Water Microjets

Cited by 58 publications

References 18 publications

High-efficiency ballistic electrostatic generator using microdroplets

High-efficiency ballistic electrostatic generator using microdroplets

Electrokinetic detection for X-ray spectra of weakly interacting liquids: n-decane and n-nonane

Microfluidics for Ultrafast Spectroscopy

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