Electrolyte and fluid imbalance: Neuropsychiatric manifestations

Webb, William L.; Gehi, Mohan

doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(81)73532-1

Cited by 43 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The variables of interest were patient characteristics (age, sex, patient residence, zip code income, and primary payer), hospital characteristics (hospital location, hospital region, and hospital teaching status), year (2006 or 2009), number of diagnoses, and relevant comorbidities. The comorbidities selected for analysis were identified from past literature and included anxiety disorders; attention‐deficit, conduct, and disruptive behavior disorders; bipolar disorder; alcohol use disorders; substance use disorders; eating disorders; asthma, infections (e.g., bacterial, viral); fluid and electrolyte disorders; epilepsy; pain (e.g., abdominal, chest); open wounds; fracture; meningitis; noninfectious gastroenteritis; fever of unknown origin; diabetes with complications; cancer; inflammatory bowel disorder; overweight and obesity; and developmental disorders. As the occurrence of self‐injurious behaviors tend to be more frequent in young depressed patients, suicide and self‐inflicted injury was also included as a risk factor .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Department Visits in the United States for Pediatric Depression: Estimates of Charges and Hospitalization

Sun

Abraham

Slack

et al. 2014

Academic Emergency Medicine

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Objectives: The objective of this study was to calculate national estimates of depression-related emergency department (ED) visits and associated health care resource use among children and adolescents 17 years or younger. Another goal was to explore the effects of certain sociodemographic and health care system factors and comorbidities on ED charges and subsequent hospitalization in the United States. Methods:The authors analyzed data from the 2006 and 2009 National Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), the largest source of U.S. ED data. ED visits with all listed diagnoses (i.e., principal diagnosis plus secondary conditions) of depression were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes 293.83, 296.2X, 296.3X, 300.4, and 311. Population-based estimates of ED visits, hospitalization, resource use, comorbidities, and demographics associated with pediatric depression were calculated. Potentially significant covariate associations were also explored using ED charges and hospital admission from the ED.Results: The 2006 and 2009 NEDS sample contained 365,713 ED visits for pediatric depression; the majority were made by adolescents (87.9%). Of these, 27.2% were admitted to the hospital, 69.5% were treated and released, and <0.1% died in ED. The ED charges in 2012 U.S. dollars summed to a hospital bill of $443.8 million, with the ED plus inpatient charges ($1.2 billion) being more than double that amount. The median inpatient length of stay (LOS) was 4.0 days. Suicide and intentional self-inflicted injury were attempted by 31.4% of the patients. Attention-deficit, conduct, and disruptive disorders; anxiety disorders; substance use disorders; asthma; and infections were the most common comorbidities. In year 2009, a higher number of diagnoses, older age, being female, key comorbidities, and suicide and intentional self-inflicted injury were significantly associated with higher ED charges (all p < 0.05). Increased odds of hospital admission from the ED were significantly associated with a higher number of diagnoses, key comorbidities, and suicide and intentional self-inflicted injury (all p < 0.05).Conclusions: Pediatric depression is common in the ED and is associated with significant burden to the health care system. Certain factors such as a higher number of diagnoses, key comorbidities, and suicide and intentional self-inflicted injury are associated with increased health care costs and resource use. Special attention should be given to these factors, when present.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Department Visits in the United States for Pediatric Depression: Estimates of Charges and Hospitalization

Sun

Abraham

Slack

et al. 2014

Academic Emergency Medicine

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“…The same symptoms are found in patients with low magnesium (Mg) levels [4]. In fact, abnormalities of muscle activity have been shown in Mg deficiency using myothermography [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Magnesium Deficiency in Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Romano

Stiller

1994

Journal of Nutritional Medicine

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Since patients with either jibromyalgia syndrome (FS) or low magnesium (Mg) levels can have fatigue, sleep disturbance and anxiety, it was necessary to determine i f some patients with FS also have low Mg levels. Both red blood cell (RBC) and plasma Mg levels were measured in 100 consecutive FS patients and 12 osteoarthritis (OA) control patients. Compared to reference laboratory and OA controls, FS patients had significantly lower RBC Mg levels. The plasma Mg levels of FS patients were no different than the reference laboratory or OA controls. Some FS patients have low Mg levels, a problem that is potentially correctable.

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“…• Consider withdrawing other drugs associated with hyponatraemia (risk increases exponentially when antidepressants are combined with diuretics, etc.). The antidepressant should be discontinuted immediately If serum sodium is <125 mmol/L (Note risk of discontinuation symptoms which may complicate the clinical picture [7][8][9].…”

Section: Recommended Management (Focusing On Psychiatric Aspects)mentioning

confidence: 99%