Electrolyte disturbances in diabetic patients in Cotonou, Benin

Anago, Eugénie; Medehouenou, Thierry Comlan Marc; Akpovi, Casimir D.; Tchehouenou, Henri

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20164223

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Electrolyte imbalances are common in patients with diabetes and may be the result of an altered distribution of electrolytes related to hyperglycemia induced osmotic fluid shifts or of totalbody deficits brought about by osmotic diuresis. 10,15 Such disturbances also result from renal diseases and medication through diuretics and calcium channel blockers. It can contribute to the complications observed in diabetes such as kidney disease and failure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Anago et al, only patients with elevated blood glucose levels had higher potassium level whereas this increase was observed in all the three patient subgroups in this study; notwithstanding, being distinctly higher in the hyperglycemic subgroup compared to the other two groups. 10 This condition can be caused by potassium wasting which results from the increased delivery of sodium to the distal nephron coupled with increased mineralocorticoid activity. 17 Diabetesassociated hyperkalemia has multiple causes such as reduced glomerular filtration, redistribution of potassium from intracellular to extracellular compartment and alterations in the Na + /K + ATPase that maintained the transmembrane gradients of sodium and potassium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Diabetes patients may suffer from electrolyte disorders due to the complications of the disease and/or the medications received, and changes in the serum concentrations of these electrolytes can give a good indication of disease progression, 9 necessitating the consideration of electrolyte disturbances in diabetes surveillance. 10 Meanwhile, most of the studies that investigated electrolyte imbalances were carried out in western population; very few studies in sub-Saharan Africa, 10,11 but with none to our knowledge from Cameroon. We have therefore in this study investigated electrolyte levels of diabetes patients receiving care at two health facilities of the West Region of Cameroon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrolyte imbalance in type 2 diabetes: a case study from the West region of Cameroon

Sayouba

Asanghanwa²,

Njouendou

et al. 2020

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Diabetes mellitus remains a global public health challenge despite advances in medicine, with Cameroon harboring about half a million patients. Electrolyte imbalance has been reported to contribute to the complications observed in diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate electrolyte disturbances in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients under follow up in two health facilities (Dschang District Hospital and Bafoussam Regional Hospital) of the West Region of Cameroon.Methods: The study involved 200 T2D patients and 50 non-diabetic control subjects. A questionnaire was used to acquire demographic, anthropometric, clinical and psychosocial data. Fasting blood samples were collected for the determination of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated haemoglobin, calcium, potassium and sodium levels. The diabetic population was divided into two and three groups according to their glycated hemoglobin and FPG levels respectively. The Student’s t-test was used to compare mean values between patients and controls, while the chi square test was used to assess for differences between categorical variables. The significance level was set at 5%.Results: Almost all diabetic patients were diagnosed of hypernatremia (98%) versus 70% for the control group (p<0.001). There was no record of hyponatremia. Hypercalcemia was observed in 30% of the diabetic patients and hypocalcemia in 48%. The prevalence of hyperkalemia was comparable between patients and controls, while control subjects tended to be more hypokalemic (p=0.038). For all three electrolytes investigated, more than 70% of the imbalances were observed in patients with hyperglycemia when compared to patients having normal FPG or hypoglycemia.Conclusions: Electrolyte imbalance is common in type 2 diabetic patients from the West Region of Cameroon, especially those presenting with hyperglycemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrolyte imbalance in type 2 diabetes: a case study from the West region of Cameroon

Sayouba

Asanghanwa²,

Njouendou

et al. 2020

Int J Res Med Sci

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“…Hyperkalaemia is common in DM. 7,21,22 Conversely, studies conducted in Nigeria and Saudi Arabia found a predominant hypokalaemia and no significant association between serum potassium levels and glycaemic control, respectively. 23,24 Similarly, our study found no significant association between HbA1c and serum potassium levels.…”

Section: Potassiummentioning

confidence: 96%

The spectrum of electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus at Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

Pillay

Mchunu

2020

Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine

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Background Serum electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and diabetes mellitus (PLWH/DM) is unknown. Objectives The aim of this study was to analyse serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate) and factors associated with electrolyte abnormalities in black African PLWH/DM versus HIV-uninfected patients with DM. Methods We conducted a retrospective case-control study in 96 black African PLWH/DM (cases) and 192 HIV-uninfected patients with DM (controls), who were visiting the Edendale Hospital DM clinic, from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2016. Pearson’s correlation, multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were utilised. Results Hypocalcaemia was the most frequent electrolyte abnormality in PLWH/DM and HIV-uninfected patients with DM (31.25% vs. 22.91%), followed by hyponatraemia (18.75% vs. 13.54%). Median (IQR) corrected serum calcium levels were significantly lower in PLWH/DM compared with HIV-uninfected patients with DM (2.24 [2.18–2.30] mmol/L vs. 2.29 [2.20–2.36] mmol/L; p = 0.001). For every per cent increase in glycated haemoglobin, the odds of hyponatraemia significantly increased in both PLWH/DM (odds ratio [OR]: 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19 –2.02; p = 0.003) and HIV-uninfected patients with DM (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04 –1.54; p = 0.009). Conclusion Hypocalcaemia and hyponatraemia were the most frequent electrolyte abnormalities and occurred more frequently in PLWH/DM compared with HIV-uninfected patients with DM. People living with HIV and DM have significantly lower corrected serum calcium levels compared with HIV-uninfected patients with DM. Furthermore, hyponatraemia is a marker of impaired glycaemic control.

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“…There was no significant change in serum potassium (7) . Other studies found raised sodium, potassium and chloride levels in people with diabetes, irrespective of renal function (8,9) . Compared to healthy individuals, serum potassium was significantly increased and serum magnesium significantly decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus (10) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Electrolyte abnormalities in diabetes mellitus in the presence of normal serum creatinine

Haq

Ikhtaire

Ananna

et al. 2020

Sri Lanka J. Diabetes Endocrinol. Metab.

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Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that causes disturbances in the electrolyte regulating mechanisms of our body. The purpose of the study was to determine the pattern of electrolyte imbalance in patients with diabetes mellitus and compare with healthy individuals; and to correlate the degree of electrolyte imbalance with control and duration of diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 6 months. It included 90 cases with diabetes mellitus and 50 cases without diabetes mellitus. All subjects had normal serum creatinine level. Serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate) were measured in each subject by automated methods. The normal levels of sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate were taken as 136-146, 3.5-5, 102-109 and 22-30 mmol/L respectively. Levels above or below this reference were taken as abnormal. Control of diabetes was determined by measuring HbA1c using high-performance liquid chromatography. Result: The most common abnormalities in patients with diabetes mellitus were hypochloraemia (48.89%), low serum bicarbonate (23.33%) and hyponatraemia (11.11%), though the mean values of serum electrolytes were within the normal reference range. Serum bicarbonate level was significantly lower in the group with diabetes mellitus (p = 0.010). There were a significantly greater number of cases with hyponatraemia and hypochloraemia among cases with diabetes mellitus (p < 0.016). Serum sodium was negatively correlated with glycaemic control (r =-0.39; p <0.001) and duration of diabetes (r =-0.31; p = 0.003). Conclusion: Electrolyte abnormalities are more common in patients with diabetes mellitus even with normal serum creatinine, and this correlates with control and duration of diabetes. (SJDEM 2020/ Vol 10/No 2

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Electrolyte disturbances in diabetic patients in Cotonou, Benin

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Electrolyte imbalance in type 2 diabetes: a case study from the West region of Cameroon

Electrolyte imbalance in type 2 diabetes: a case study from the West region of Cameroon

The spectrum of electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus at Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

Electrolyte abnormalities in diabetes mellitus in the presence of normal serum creatinine

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