Electrolytic Synthesis of White Phosphorus Is Promoted in Oxide-Deficient Molten Salts

Melville, Jonathan; Licini, Andrew; Surendranath, Yogesh

doi:10.1021/acscentsci.2c01336

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 114 available iron oxides, leading to the formation of ferrophosphorus and low to moderate P4 yields. 53,54 • Electrolysis of phosphate rock in calcium chloride 55 or in a sodium metaphosphate melt 56 has been proposed. These processes hold promise for reducing the energy use of P4 production (typically by 25-30% in theory) but need thorough development.…”

Section: New Developments In Phosphorus Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-fertilizer uses of phosphorus: an overview

Schipper,

Whalen

2024

Preprint

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Phosphorus is a non-substitutable element required for the storage of genetic information, energy transfer and the structural integrity of biological systems. Agricultural use of phosphorus fertilizers and supplements aims to balance the biological phosphorus stoichiometry, for optimal growth and yield of crops and animals. Most of the commercial phosphorus industry aims to produce phosphates and polyphosphates for agricultural sector, particularly for fertilizer, animal feed and the food/beverage industries. However, about 10% of the mineral resources are allocated for non-fertilizer uses via thermal processing of phosphate rock to elemental phosphorus as the tetrahedral P4 molecule, which is then stabilized as P4 derivatives for controlled production of hundreds of phosphorus-containing compounds with diverse chemistry and practical uses. True P4 derivatives are made only from P4 and include intermediates such as phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), phosphorus trichloride (PCl3), phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3), phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), phosphorus pentasulphide (P2S5), phosphines (containing PH3), red P (amorphous elemental P designated P21), hypophosphites (ionic form H2PO2-) and phosphides (reduced form P3-). This review explains the synthesis and applications of these non-fertilizer phosphorus compounds as flame retardants and plastic stabilizers, for metal sequestration and extraction, in catalyst ligands, as electrolytes in batteries, as crop protection agents and as anti-wear substances.

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Section: New Developments In Phosphorus Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-fertilizer uses of phosphorus: an overview

Schipper,

Whalen

2024

Preprint

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“…For example, the electrochemical reduction of phosphate salts enables the sustainable production of elemental white phosphorus (P 4 ); however, this requires the cleavage of strong and inert P–O bonds. Surendranath and his colleagues have shown that the low oxide anion activity, characterized by Lux-Flood acidity, effectively promotes the activation of P–O bonds in molten sodium trimetaphosphate . The Lux acidic phosphoryl anhydride linkages play a crucial role in facilitating the selective and efficient electrosynthesis of P 4 , achieving an impressive 95% Faradaic efficiency.…”

Section: Electrochemical Conversion Beyond Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACS Central Science Virtual Issue on Advanced Materials and Processes for Building Low-Carbon Energy Systems

Hu,

Zheng

2024

ACS Cent. Sci.

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“…License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 available iron oxides, leading to the formation of ferrophosphorus and low to moderate P4 yields. 53,54  Electrolysis of phosphate rock in calcium chloride 55 or in a sodium metaphosphate melt 56 has been proposed. These processes hold promise for reducing the energy use of P4 production (typically by 25-30% in theory) but need thorough development.…”

Section: Phosphorus Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-fertilizer uses of phosphorus

Schipper

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phosphorus is a non-substitutable element required for the storage of genetic information, energy transfer and the structural integrity of biological systems. Agricultural use of phosphorus fertilizers and supplements aims to balance the biological phosphorus stoichiometry, for optimal growth and yield of crops and animals. Most of the commercial phosphorus industry aims to produce phosphates and polyphosphates for agricultural sector, particularly for fertilizer, animal feed and the food/beverage industries. However, about 10% of the mineral resources are allocated for non-fertilizer uses via thermal processing of phosphate rock to elemental phosphorus as the tetrahedral P4 molecule, which is then stabilized as P4 derivatives for controlled production of hundreds of phosphorus-containing compounds with diverse chemistry and practical uses. True P4 derivatives are made only from P4 and include intermediates such as phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), phosphorus trichloride (PCl3), phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3), phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), phosphorus pentasulphide (P2S5), phosphines (containing PH3), red P (amorphous elemental P), hypophosphites (H2PO2-) and phosphides (P3-). This review explains the synthesis and applications of these non-fertilizer phosphorus compounds as flame retardants and plastic stabilizers, for metal sequestration and extraction, in catalyst ligands, as electrolytes in batteries, as crop protection agents and as anti-wear substances.

show abstract

Electrolytic Synthesis of White Phosphorus Is Promoted in Oxide-Deficient Molten Salts

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Non-fertilizer uses of phosphorus: an overview

Non-fertilizer uses of phosphorus: an overview

ACS Central Science Virtual Issue on Advanced Materials and Processes for Building Low-Carbon Energy Systems

Non-fertilizer uses of phosphorus

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