Electromagnetic Characterization of Materials by Vector Network Analyzer Experimental Setup

Micheli, Davide; Pastore, Roberto; Vricella, A.; Delfini, Andrea; Marchetti, M.; Santoni, Fábio

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-46140-5.00009-1

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Sci. 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 17 systematic experimental errors which could arise due to system imperfections [15]. To avoid EM wave leakage the samples were snugly fitted such that no gap exists between the sample holder and the material as shown in Figure S1.…”

Section: The Finite Element Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All samples were tightly fitted onto a WR-90 and WR62 waveguides for the EM parameters measurement with Keysight E5071C vector network analyzer (Keysight, USA) in the studied frequency ranges. The VNA was calibrated using a two-port through reflection line (TRL) calibration procedure to eliminate possible systematic experimental errors which could arise due to system imperfections [15]. To avoid EM wave leakage the samples were snugly fitted such that no gap exists between the sample holder and the material as shown in Figure S1.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Properties Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of the Broadband Microwave Absorption of Citric Acid Coated Fe3O4/PVDF Composite Using Finite Element Method

et al. 2019

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Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) have been thoroughly investigated as microwave absorbing material due to its excellent electromagnetic properties (permittivity and permeability) and favorable saturation magnetization. However, large density and impedance mismatch are some of the limiting factors that hinder its microwave absorption performance (MAP). Herein, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles prepared by facile co-precipitation method have been coated with citric acid and embedded in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). COMSOL Multiphysics based on the finite element method was used to simulate the rectangular waveguide at X-band and Ku-band frequency range in three-dimensional geometry. The citric acid coated Fe 3 O 4 /PVDF composite with 40 wt.% filler loading displayed good microwave absorption ability over the studied frequency range (8.2-18 GHz). A minimum reflection loss of −47.3 dB occurs at 17.9 GHz with 2.5 mm absorber thickness. The composite of citric acid coated Fe 3 O 4 and PVDF was thus verified as a potential absorptive material with improved MAP. These enhanced absorption coefficients can be ascribed to favorable impedance match and moderate attenuation. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 3877 2 of 17 attracted much interest in the field of EM wave absorption. However, Fe 3 O 4 as an absorptive material have some limitations such as the rapid decrease in permeability value at microwave frequency, large density, ease of oxidation and mismatch of impedance which impedes its performance as an ideal MAM [6,7].Recently, several research efforts have been geared towards improving the microwave absorption performance (MAP) of Fe 3 O 4 . For example, Mingxu et al. [8] fabricated hollow Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles via solvothermal route, with the aim of reducing its density while retaining good magnetic properties for efficient MAP. They established improved EM wave absorption with increasing particle size and change in morphology. Maximum EM absorption with RL value of −55.14 dB at 11.76 GHz was achieved with an absorber thickness of 2.07 mm. Guiquig et al. [9] synthesized nano-Fe 3 O 4 by an innovative wet chemical route, employing hydrazine hydrate as anti-oxidation agent. The synthesized Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle of average diameter of 77 nm possessed high magnetization saturation and coercivity value of 72.36 emu/g and 95 Oe, respectively. The minimum RL value of −21.2 dB was achieved with 6 mm thickness. Similarly, optimization of the MAP of Fe 3 O 4 via design and fabrication of hierarchical nanostructure have also been explored. Chaomie et al. [10] exploit one-step and template-free synthesis method to prepare octahedral Fe 3 O 4 nanostructure by direct decomposition of an iron organic compound with molten salt. The sample annealed at 800 • C displayed maximum EM absorption of −23.67 dB at 15.24 GHz at a ...

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Section: The Finite Element Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electromagnetic Properties Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Broadband Microwave Absorption of Citric Acid Coated Fe3O4/PVDF Composite Using Finite Element Method

et al. 2019

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“…(1) Open field or free space test (2) Shielded box test (3) Coaxial transmission line test (4) Shielded room test Out of the four methods listed, the coaxial transmission line method is one of the most commonly used methods since the results of this technique are repeatable and can be used for a wide range of frequencies. The scattering parameter method is used to calculate the SE theoretically for the coaxial transmission line technique [52,53]. The open-field method is generally used to measure the SE of an entire assembly as an antenna placed in the open space measures the amount of radiation emitted from the electronic device that is kept within a certain distance from the antenna [20,43,54].…”

Section: Of 46mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Polymer Composites with Diverse Nanofillers for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

et al. 2020

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Polymer matrix composites have generated a great deal of attention in recent decades in various fields due to numerous advantages polymer offer. The advancement of technology has led to stringent requirements in shielding materials as more and more electronic devices are known to cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) in other devices. The drive to fabricate alternative materials is generated by the shortcomings of the existing metallic panels. While polymers are more economical, easy to fabricate, and corrosion resistant, they are known to be inherent electrical insulators. Since high electrical conductivity is a sought after property of EMI shielding materials, polymers with fillers to increase their electrical conductivity are commonly investigated for EMI shielding. Recently, composites with nanofillers also have attracted attention due to the superior properties they provide compared to their micro counterparts. In this review polymer composites with various types of fillers have been analysed to assess the EMI shielding properties generated by each. Apart from the properties, the manufacturing processes and morphological properties of composites have been analysed in this review to find the best polymer matrix composites for EMI shielding.

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“…Polarizability is due to contributions from all mechanisms giving maximum permittivity, however, at α-dispersion, the ionic polarization fails to follow the electric field leading to high dielectric loss seen as a dip in real permittivity and a peak in loss factor. The second dispersion known as β-dispersion, in the MHz region is associated with interfacial relaxation at the cell membrane between charges inside cytoplasm and outside the cell membrane in the suspension medium [10]. At GHz frequencies, γ-dispersion occurs as a result of dipolar relaxation of water and several proteins (major constituents of cell cytoplasm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This frequency dependence of permittivity is known as dispersion [ 9 ]. Figure 3 b shows the general trend of dispersions with increase in applied frequency on biomatter [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EM-Wave Biosensors: A Review of RF, Microwave, mm-Wave and Optical Sensing

Mehrotra

Chatterjee

Sen

2019

Sensors

161

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This article presents a broad review on optical, radio-frequency (RF), microwave (MW), millimeter wave (mmW) and terahertz (THz) biosensors. Biomatter-wave interaction modalities are considered over a wide range of frequencies and applications such as detection of cancer biomarkers, biotin, neurotransmitters and heart rate are presented in detail. By treating biological tissue as a dielectric substance, having a unique dielectric signature, it can be characterized by frequency dependent parameters such as permittivity and conductivity. By observing the unique permittivity spectrum, cancerous cells can be distinguished from healthy ones or by measuring the changes in permittivity, concentration of medically relevant biomolecules such as glucose, neurotransmitters, vitamins and proteins, ailments and abnormalities can be detected. In case of optical biosensors, any change in permittivity is transduced to a change in optical properties such as photoluminescence, interference pattern, reflection intensity and reflection angle through techniques like quantum dots, interferometry, surface enhanced raman scattering or surface plasmon resonance. Conversely, in case of RF, MW, mmW and THz biosensors, capacitive sensing is most commonly employed where changes in permittivity are reflected as changes in capacitance, through components like interdigitated electrodes, resonators and microstrip structures. In this paper, interactions of EM waves with biomatter are considered, with an emphasis on a clear demarcation of various modalities, their underlying principles and applications.

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Electromagnetic Characterization of Materials by Vector Network Analyzer Experimental Setup

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

Investigation of the Broadband Microwave Absorption of Citric Acid Coated Fe3O4/PVDF Composite Using Finite Element Method

Investigation of the Broadband Microwave Absorption of Citric Acid Coated Fe3O4/PVDF Composite Using Finite Element Method

Review of Polymer Composites with Diverse Nanofillers for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

EM-Wave Biosensors: A Review of RF, Microwave, mm-Wave and Optical Sensing

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