Electromagnetic Propagation Logging: Advances in Technique and Interpretation

Abstract

The Electromagnetic Propagation Tool (EPT*) is a downhole microwave instrumentation devicewhich channels 1.1 GHz energy into the formation and measures the tra1!el time and attenuation of the miCrOW41!e signal as it propagates through the invaded zone. The rele~'ant electromagnetic field theory, the basic measurement technique, and the tool block diagram are reviewed. The present interpretation techniques are then discussed, followed b" several log examples which show the utility of the EPT. Specifically, the EPT-derived porosity, when compared with neutron/density porosit)'. allows one to distitlgutsh hetween h)ldrocarbonbearing and water-bearing zones in formations ha1'ing var.1,ing lithologies and water salinities. 2 SPE 9267

Detection and Evaluation of Geopressured Subsurface Formations Based on Dielectric ( Electromagnetic Wave Propagation) Measurements

“…The operating frequencies of several currently available dielectric well logging instrumentation cover the relatively wide range: 25 MHz (Huchital et al 1981), 47 MHz (Atlas 1981, 60 MHz (Xuwen et al 1982), 200 MHz (Janes et al 1984, and 1.1 GHz (Wharton et al 1980).…”

Dielectric spectroscopy measured on dry, oil-, freshwater- and brine-wetted rocks using an insulating layer method and its relations to petrophysical parameters

“…(B-4); it represents dielectric constants of polarization only from rock matrix and water in pores, according to the CRIM model (Wharton et al, 1980), and completely clear of ISP or OSP. If one wants to obtain a more linear e 0 -S w relationship at F3, one must shift F3 a little further towards the high-frequency end to eliminate the influence of ISP.…”

Use of borehole radar reflection logging to monitor steam-enhanced remediation in fractured limestone—results of numerical modelling and a field experiment

“…To predict the relative permittivity of the formation, we employ the complex refractive index method (CRIM) (Birchak et al, 1974;Wharton et al, 1980), and we assume that electrical conductivity effects are negligible and EM-wave propagation velocity is controlled by the real components of the relative dielectric permittivity of the rock matrix and water:…”