Electromagnetic Shielding Triboelectric Yarns for Human–Machine Interacting

Abstract

the development is massive requirements in electronic devices/systems, in a total of billions to trillions, each of which needs electronic products. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Inevitably, portable electrical components and complex circuits controlled by wireless network generate undesirable electromagnetic (EM) radiation. [11][12][13][14][15] Thus, electromagnetic interference (EMI) is one of the most inevitable byproducts of modern electronics that severely threatens living environment and human health. Generally, fabrics, as the second skin for human beings, are regarded as the indispensable necessities for effectively protecting human from electromagnetic wave harm. [16][17][18] However, benefitting from the fast development of technology as well as aiming to catering to the advancement of society, fabrics are gradually evolving towards intelligence instead of single performance. For that, the invention of variety smart sensors based on wearable fabric provides opportunities in both monitor service and identification by tracking of physiological signals. Thus, taking impairment of human health into consideration, the demands for flexible, versatile, and wearable fabric with good EMI shielding and real-time sensing are highly desirable. [19][20][21][22] Sparked by the 5G technology, wearable products with flexibility and electronic functionality have underwent flourishing advancement in recent years. [23,24] Smart fabrics, belonging to Electromagnetic radiation, as one of the public hazards that injures human health and information safety, shall be shielded from the ambient environment. Here, by the virtue of polypyrrole polymerized polyamide yarns and silicone rubber, a yarn-based electromagnetic shielding-triboelectric nanogenerator (EMS-TENG) equipped with sensing ability is presented, which not only generates electricity from harvesting body motion energy but also serves as EMS to prevent electromagnetic interference. With the aid of knitting method, the developed EMS-TENG fabric exhibits the EMS effectiveness of 32.49 dB in 8.2-12.5 GHz and achieves a maximum instantaneous peak power density of 142.27 µW m −1 . Furthermore, a real-time human-interactive system is developed by adopting the Internet of Things technology and EMS-TENG sensor. Based on the above, a simulated intelligent calculator with multiplication and division function is proposed, which can successfully translate electronic signals to digital numbers. With energy harvesting and self-powered sensing abilities, the EMS-TENG can convert mechanical energy into electrical signals from human movements. Looking forward, the EMS-TENG spurs an innovative technique toward a self-powered human-interactive sensing and functional protective textile for next-generation intelligent wearable applications.

Emerging Self‐Powered Autonomous Sensing Triboelectric Fibers toward Future Wearable Human‐Computer Interaction Devices

“…As shown in Figure 12e, Shen et al designed a coaxially structured F-TENG with electromagnetic shielding by polymerizing pyrrole and silicone rubber encapsulation material on the surface of a polyamide yarn. [109] The fibers not only convert human motion energy into electrical energy, but also act as an electromagnetic shield. The electromagnetic shielding fabric made by knitting F-TENG has an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 32.49 dB at 8.2-12.5 GHz and a maximum instantaneous peak power density of 142.27 𝜇W m −1 .…”

Boosting the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators via surface engineering and structure designing

“…13 To date, various types of TENGs have been applied in different fields, such as wearable electronics, [14][15][16] energy harvesting, 17,18 self-powered sensors, [19][20][21] flame retardants, 22 high-voltage power sources, 23,24 and electromagnetic interference shielding. 25 TENGs were first invented to harvest mechanical energy by Wang's group in 2012. 26 Since then, much more research on TENGs has been carried out in terms of theoretical analysis, [27][28][29] friction layer and electrode material preparation, 30,31 applications, 32,33 performance improvement strategies, 34 manufacturing processes, 35 morphology design, 36 and structure design.…”

Ultrastretchable Organogel/Silicone Fiber-Helical Sensors for Self-Powered Implantable Ligament Strain Monitoring

“…The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) originating from Maxwell’s displacement currents is based on the coupling effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. − It can convert external mechanical signals into electrical signals. , The wide range of material options and simple design structures of TENG provide a platform for flexible and stretchable self-powered sensors. , The selection of stable and stretchable electrodes is crucial in self-powered implantable sensors based on flexible TENG . As a widely used electrode materials in flexible and stretchable TENG, ion gel electrodes exhibit both high conductivity and high stretchability. − However, most of the reported hydrogels cannot meet the long-term stability requirements due to the volatilization of water from the hydrogels, which will further degrade the performance of the devices. ,− In addition, when the hydrogel is combined with metal wires, the presence of water and oxygen can accelerate the corrosion of these metals and reduce the service life .…”