Electromagnetic side-channel attacks

Sayakkara, Asanka; Le-Khac, Nhien-An; Scanlon, Mark

doi:10.1145/3236454.3236512

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Furthermore, in some cases, the analysis of the volatile memory of the device can be necessary as well. For example, if the device is running at the time it was seized, live data forensics can recover critical information such as temporary application data and cryptographic keys [36]. However, this triage examination of a device is still a highly unreliable task compared to analyzing disk images [35].…”

Section: Incorporation Into the Digital Forensic Workflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging Electromagnetic Side-Channel Analysis for the Investigation of IoT Devices

Sayakkara

Le-Khac

Scanlon

2019

Digital Investigation

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Internet of Things (IoT) devices have expanded the horizon of digital forensic investigations by providing a rich set of new evidence sources. IoT devices includes health implants, sports wearables, smart burglary alarms, smart thermostats, smart electrical appliances, and many more. Digital evidence from these IoT devices is often extracted from third party sources, e.g., paired smartphone applications or the devices' back-end cloud services. However vital digital evidence can still reside solely on the IoT device itself. The specifics of the IoT device's hardware is a black-box in many cases due to the lack of proven, established techniques to inspect IoT devices. This paper presents a novel methodology to inspect the internal software activities of IoT devices through their electromagnetic radiation emissions during live device investigation. When a running IoT device is identified at a crime scene, forensically important software activities can be revealed through an electromagnetic side-channel analysis (EM-SCA) attack. By using two representative IoT hardware platforms, this work demonstrates that cryptographic algorithms running on high-end IoT devices can be detected with over 82% accuracy, while minor software code differences in low-end IoT devices could be detected over 90% accuracy using a neural network-based classifier. Furthermore, it was experimentally demonstrated that malicious modification of the stock firmware of an IoT device can be detected through machine learning-assisted EM-SCA techniques. These techniques provide a new investigative vector for digital forensic investigators to inspect IoT devices.

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Section: Incorporation Into the Digital Forensic Workflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging Electromagnetic Side-Channel Analysis for the Investigation of IoT Devices

Sayakkara

Le-Khac

Scanlon

2019

Digital Investigation

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“…However, to make the most if it, the method metadata is stored within files and data repositories must be understood, tested, and shown to be to be reliable. Accessing and understanding device metadata can assist the investigators in examining digital artefacts from filesystems (Du et al, 2018), mobile apps (Faheem et al, 2015), and Internet of Things devices (Sayakkara et al, 2018). Sampson (2013) documented the necessity of understanding metadata and offered strategies to assist with this type of review.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shining a light on Spotlight: Leveraging Apple's desktop search utility to recover deleted file metadata on macOS

Atwal

Scanlon

Le-Khac

2019

Digital Investigation

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a b s t r a c tSpotlight is a proprietary desktop search technology released by Apple in 2004 for its Macintosh operating system Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger) and remains as a feature in current releases of macOS. Spotlight allows users to search for files or information by querying databases populated with filesystem attributes, metadata, and indexed textual content. Existing forensic research into Spotlight has provided an understanding of the metadata attributes stored within the metadata store database. Current approaches in the literature have also enabled the extraction of metadata records for extant files, but not for deleted files. The objective of this paper is to research the persistence of records for deleted files within Spotlight's metadata store, identify if deleted database pages are recoverable from unallocated space on the volume, and to present a strategy for the processing of discovered records. In this paper, the structure of the metadata store database is outlined, and experimentation reveals that records persist for a period of time within the database but once deleted, are no longer recoverable. The experimentation also demonstrates that deleted pages from the database (containing metadata records) are recoverable from unused space on the filesystem.

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“…An important application of flexible materials at microwave frequencies is in the design of electromagnetic absorbers, [22][23][24][25][26][27] which have applications in electromagnetic interference, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] antenna design, [36] IoT, [37] automotive radar, and for potential mitigation of eavesdropping via electromagnetic sidechannels, [38][39][40] with important consequences for hardware security assurance. [41] The electromagnetic absorbance of flexible materials can be engineered by varying composition to obtain desired performance and add increased functionality while minimizing deleterious effects such as loss and dispersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband Electromagnetic Properties of Engineered Flexible Absorber Materials

Suriyasena Liyanage,

Smith,

Pawlik

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Flexible and stretchable materials have attracted significant interest in wearable electronics and bioengineering fields. Recent developments also incorporate embedded microwave circuits and systems with engineered flexible materials that operate over a broad frequency range (≈1–100 GHz). Herein, a simple flip‐chip technique is used to evaluate frequency‐dependent electromagnetic properties of flexible materials and applied to evaluate engineered microwave absorbers based on self‐biased barium hexaferrite composites. On‐wafer error correction and de‐embedding techniques are applied to determine broadband electromagnetic properties of the material‐loaded transmission lines by placing the materials on top of coplanar waveguide transmission lines. Finite‐element simulations along with broadband measurements were employed to estimate the electromagnetic material properties. To demonstrate, flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites are fabricated with barium hexaferrite nanoparticles and complex permittivity and permeability of the composites are quantified under zero magnetic field bias up to 110 GHz. Frequency‐dependent composite permeability is fitted to models describing the ferromagnetic resonance of the self‐biased barium hexaferrite nanoparticles in polydimethylsiloxane, and constituent nanoparticle properties are estimated using the Maxwell–Garnett mixing model. This study paves the way to exploit a wide range of engineered materials in flexible, wearable, and biomedical electronics applications and presents a convenient methodology to extract important broadband electromagnetic properties of nanoparticles for customized electromagnetic applications.

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Electromagnetic side-channel attacks

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Leveraging Electromagnetic Side-Channel Analysis for the Investigation of IoT Devices

Leveraging Electromagnetic Side-Channel Analysis for the Investigation of IoT Devices

Shining a light on Spotlight: Leveraging Apple's desktop search utility to recover deleted file metadata on macOS

Broadband Electromagnetic Properties of Engineered Flexible Absorber Materials

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