Electromagnetic testing of a welding area using a magnetic sensor array

Abstract

This paper presents an electromagnetic testing method for the inspection of cracks in an overlay welding area. The overlay welding method is usually used to repair failure welds in a structure in which the components are difficult and expensive to replace. The inspection system uses an air-core exciting coil to produce an electromagnetic field in the overlay welding area and a linearly integrated giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor array (LIGiS) to measure the distribution of the electromagnetic field around the cracks; thus, the cracks can be inspected. The LIGiS is fabricated using 32 GMR sensor elements arrayed at 0.6 mm intervals. Artificial cracks with different sizes, orientations, and locations on the crisp surface of an overlay welding sample are tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Multi-Sensor Data Integration Using Deep Learning for Characterization of Defects in Steel Elements

“…Monitoring of all three components provides information that can be crucial for the identification of defects. Observation of the shape and the gradient of magnetic field disturbance over the examined object results in growth of the evaluation accuracy of not only depth, but also orientation or dimension of the defects [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 36 ]. The information content of the measured magnetic field can be analyzed under different terms providing various data about the defect parameters ( Table 1 ).…”

“…Taking into consideration the fact that most of the current structures are made of conductive and magnetic materials (and changes in the structure during its lifetime cause changes in electrical and magnetic properties [ 1 , 4 ]), the utilization of electromagnetic testing methods becomes a natural solution. It is well known that by observation of vector magnetic properties it is possible to assess various aspects of conditions of an examined structure [ 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Therefore, this paper focuses on presenting the results of work on a local electromagnetic system for nondestructive (NDT) inspection of steel elements.…”

“…In addition to the rising requirements, they must present a wide range of sensitivity. This forces the design and construction of complex multidirectional and multi-sensor transducers [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The growth in the number of information sources, on the one hand, allows for an increase in the reliability and efficiency of measurement systems, on the other hand, it requires the use of sophisticated data processing and aggregation algorithms.…”

Utilization of Multisensor Data Fusion for Magnetic Nondestructive Evaluation of Defects in Steel Elements under Various Operation Strategies

“…By “quality”, we mean a high discrimination rate between possible material states, which, in consequence, allows highly effective correct identification of the actual condition and a high level of product safety. In practice, this involves the need to develop integrated inspection instrumentation coupling multisource systems and advanced methods of processing and data fusion [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

“…It finds its application in the inspection of any object with ferromagnetic properties. It is frequently utilized for the inspection of pipelines or tubes [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 15 , 16 ], train wheels and axles or rail tracks [ 9 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], steel wire ropes [ 10 , 11 , 20 ], storage tanks [ 15 , 21 ], or steel construction elements [ 2 , 12 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The method is suitable for detecting various types of surface, subsurface, and surface-breaking deeper defects in magnetic materials such as metal loss [ 2 , 10 , 11 , 20 ], fatigue damage cracks [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 8 , 9 , 16 ], pitting corrosion [ 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 ], or plastic deformation [ 1 , 15 , 24 , 25 ].…”