Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Properties of Amorphous Carbon Nanotubes

Zhao, Tingkai; Hou, Cuilin; Zhang, Hongyan; Zhu, Ruoxing; She, Shengfei; Wang, Jungao; Li, Tiehu; Liu, Zhifu; Wei, Bingqing

doi:10.1038/srep05619

Cited by 166 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…1a. The XRD pattern reveals the presence of three peaks corresponding to (002), (100), and (004) plane reflections of the carbon atoms in good agreement with the earlier reports [9]. The crystal plane diffraction peaks of Ni (111) and (200) are detected indicating the presence of Ni impurities in the mCNTs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Composition, Electronic and Magnetic Investigation of the Encapsulated ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles in Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Containing Ni Residuals

et al. 2015

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We report investigation on properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes (mCNTs) containing Ni residuals before and after encapsulation of zinc ferrite nanoparticles. The pristine tubes exhibit metallic character with a 0.3 eV reduction in the work function along with ferromagnetic behavior which is attributed to the Ni residuals incorporated during the preparation of tubes. Upon encapsulation of zinc ferrite nanoparticles, 0.5 eV shift in Fermi level position and a reduction in both the π band density of state along with a change in the hybridized sp2/sp3 ratio of the tubes from 2.04 to 1.39 are observed. As a result of the encapsulation, enhancement in the σ bands density of state and coating of the zinc ferrite nanoparticles by the internal layers of the CNTs in the direction along the tube axis is observed. Furthermore, Ni impurities inside the tubes are attracted to the encapsulated zinc ferrite nanoparticles, suggesting the possibility of using these particles as purifying agents for CNTs upon being synthesized using magnetic catalyst particles. Charge transfer from Ni/mCNTs to the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles is evident via reduction of the density of states near the Fermi level and a 0.3 eV shift in the binding energy of C 1 s core level ionization. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that encapsulated zinc ferrite nanoparticles in mCNTs resulted in two interacting sub-systems featured by distinct blocking temperatures and enhanced magnetic properties; i.e., large coercivity of 501 Oe and saturation magnetization of 2.5 emu/g at 4 K.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Composition, Electronic and Magnetic Investigation of the Encapsulated ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles in Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Containing Ni Residuals

et al. 2015

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“…[ 48,51,53 ] For the catalyst electrode (bottom trace), the data are dominated by the (002) and (100) refl ections from the N-CNTs (marked by * and #, respectively), although the (311) and (400) NiCo 2 O 4 refl ections are also distinguishable. [ 54,55 ] The conclusion is thus that the nanorods exist in a polycrystalline spinel NiCo 2 O 4 structure, and that they are well-dispersed and well-anchored onto the N-CNTs.…”

Section: The Electrocatalyst Electrodementioning

confidence: 96%

Toward a Low‐Cost Artificial Leaf: Driving Carbon‐Based and Bifunctional Catalyst Electrodes with Solution‐Processed Perovskite Photovoltaics

Sharifi

Larsen

Wang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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countries, where many users still are not connected to the electric grid, it is clear that alternative energy technologies are needed that can contribute with renewable fuels in signifi cant amounts. In this challenging context, researchers have found inspiration in the process of natural photosynthesis when they attempt to convert the plentiful, but intermittent, solar irradiation incident on the Earth's surface into a storable fuel, using a range of methods commonly coined as artifi cial photosynthesis. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] One emerging technology to achieve such solar-to-fuel conversion is the "artifi cial-leaf device", which essentially comprises an assembly of photovoltaics (PVs) that drives two electrocatalyst electrodes immersed in water. [10][11][12] This device produces molecular hydrogen and oxygen using only sunlight and water as the input, and during the past few years its performance has improved drastically, with the current record for the solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency being above 10%. [13][14][15][16] It is, however, clear that in order to become truly sustainable and useful, the artifi cial-leaf device should comprise solely, or predominantly, earth-abundant materials and be produced with scalable and low-cost methods. Moreover, from a processing and transport point of view, it is preferable if it can be lightweight and fl exible.Perovskite materials [ 14,[17][18][19][20][21] have recently emerged as an interesting option to incumbent silicon [ 15,20 ] and copperindium-gallium-selenide [ 16,20 ] for the active material in PVs, due to a high and quickly improving solar-to-electric (STE) conversion effi ciency and an opportunity for cost-effi cient, solutionbased fabrication. [ 17,18,21,23 ] The electrocatalyst electrode comprises a catalytically active material deposited on the surface of a current collector. Commonly employed materials for the current collector are bulk or porous metals, [ 15 ] whereas a popular choice for the catalyst is various types of metal-oxides. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] From a system-cost and practicality perspective, it is desirable to develop a functional lightweight and low-cost current collector and to identify a catalyst that is bifunctional in that it can drive the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the same water solution. [ 14,[39][40][41][42][43][44] Here, we present an artifi cial-leaf device that delivers an STH effi ciency of 6.2% and a Faradaic H 2 evolution effi ciency of 100%. We mention that our device is not fully integrated at this stage, Molecular hydrogen can be generated renewably by water splitting with an "artifi cial-leaf device", which essentially comprises two electrocatalyst electrodes immersed in water and powered by photovoltaics. Ideally, this device should operate effi ciently and be fabricated with cost-effi cient means using earth-abundant materials. Here, a lightweight electrocatalyst electrode, comprising large surface-area NiCo 2 O 4 nano...

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“…These special features favor higher performance of electromagnetic wave absorbing properties. 40 (d) The enhanced loss ability might arise from the efficient dielectric friction and interface resonance in the microscaled tetrapod-hollow structures. It can be expected that the T-hollow structure, with suitable electrical conductivity and micro-and/or nanoscale structures of cavities besides chirality from the helix, plays a unique role in this new kind of structures.…”

Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Remarkable improvement in microwave absorption by cloaking a micro-scaled tetrapod hollow with helical carbon nanofibers

Jian

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Helical nanofibers are prepared through in situ growth on the surface of a tetrapod-shaped ZnO whisker (T-ZnO), by employing a precursor decomposition method then adding substrate. After heat treatment at 900 1C under argon, this new composite material, named helical nanofiber-T-ZnO, undergoes a significant change in morphology and structure. The T-ZnO transforms from a solid tetrapod ZnO to a micro-scaled tetrapod hollow carbon film by reduction of the organic fiber at 900 1C. Besides, helical carbon nanofibers, generated from the carbonization of helical nanofibers, maintain the helical morphology. Interestingly, HCNFs with the T-hollow exhibit remarkable improvement in electromagnetic wave loss compared with the pure helical nanofibers. The enhanced loss ability may arise from the efficient dielectric friction, interface effect in the complex nanostructures and the micro-scaled tetrapod-hollow structure.

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Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Properties of Amorphous Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 166 publications

References 26 publications

Composition, Electronic and Magnetic Investigation of the Encapsulated ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles in Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Containing Ni Residuals

Composition, Electronic and Magnetic Investigation of the Encapsulated ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles in Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Containing Ni Residuals

Toward a Low‐Cost Artificial Leaf: Driving Carbon‐Based and Bifunctional Catalyst Electrodes with Solution‐Processed Perovskite Photovoltaics

Remarkable improvement in microwave absorption by cloaking a micro-scaled tetrapod hollow with helical carbon nanofibers

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