Electromechanical imaging of biomaterials by scanning probe microscopy

Rodriguez, Brian J.; Kalinin, Sergei V.; Shin, Junsoo; Jesse, Stephen; Grichko, Varvara P.; Thundat, Thomas; Baddorf, Arthur P.; Gruverman, Alexei

doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2005.10.008

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These behaviors often average out in macroscopic biological assemblies, since the piezoelectric effect is described by third rank tensor. However, on the nanoscale these polar regions are readily visualized by PFM, providing spectacular images of bones, 141 antlers 142 teeth, [143][144][145][146][147] and even butterfly wings. 147 Several examples are shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Iia Basic Pfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroelectric or non-ferroelectric: Why so many materials exhibit “ferroelectricity” on the nanoscale

Vasudevan

Balke

Maksymovych

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Reviews

270

206

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Ferroelectric materials have remained one of the foci of condensed matter physics and materials science for over 50 years. In the last 20 years, the development of voltage-modulated scanning probe microscopy techniques, exemplified by Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and associated time-and voltage spectroscopies, opened a pathway to explore these materials on a single-digit nanometer level. Consequently, domain structures, walls and polarization dynamics can now be imaged in real space. More generally, PFM has allowed studying electromechanical coupling in a broad variety of materials ranging from ionics to biological systems. It can also be anticipated that the recent Nobel prize 1 in molecular electromechanical machines will result in rapid growth in interest in PFM as a method to probe their behavior on single device and device assembly levels. However, the broad introduction of PFM also resulted in a growing number of reports on nearly-ubiquitous presence of ferroelectric-like phenomena including remnant polar states and electromechanical hysteresis loops in materials which are non-ferroelectric in the bulk, or in cases where size effects are expected to suppress ferroelectricity. While in certain cases plausible physical mechanisms can be suggested, there is remarkable similarity in observed behaviors, irrespective of the materials system. In this review, we summarize the basic principles of PFM, briefly discuss the features of ferroelectric surfaces salient to PFM imaging and spectroscopy, and summarize existing reports on ferroelectric-like responses in non-classical ferroelectric materials. We further discuss possible mechanisms behind observed behaviors, and possible experimental strategies for their identification.3

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Section: Iia Basic Pfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroelectric or non-ferroelectric: Why so many materials exhibit “ferroelectricity” on the nanoscale

Vasudevan

Balke

Maksymovych

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Reviews

270

206

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), a technique developed initially to image domains in ferroelectric materials by measuring bias-induced surface deformations [27], has recently been employed to study electromechanical coupling in biological systems [28]. PFM is capable of investigating in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric response from biosystems at the nanoscale, including collagen [29][30][31][32][33]. Minary-Jolandan and Yu have observed shear piezoelectricity in single collagen type I fibrils using PFM [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromechanical properties of dried tendon and isoelectrically focused collagen hydrogels

et al. 2012

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Assembling artificial collagenous tissues with structural, functional, and mechanical properties, which mimic natural tissues, is of vital importance for many tissue engineering applications. While the electromechanical properties of collagen are thought to play a role in, e.g., bone formation and remodeling, this functional property has not been adequately addressed in engineered tissues. Here, the electromechanical properties of rat tail tendon are compared with those of dried iso-electrically focused collagen hydrogels using piezoresponse force microscopy in ambient conditions. In both the natural tissue and the engineered hydrogel, D-periodic, type I collagen fibrils are observed, which exhibit shear piezoelectricity. While both tissues also exhibit fibrils with parallel orientation, Fourier transform analysis has revealed that the degree of parallel alignment of the fibrils in the tendon is three times that of the dried hydrogel. The results obtained demonstrate that iso-electrically focused collagen has similar structural and electromechanical properties to that of tendon, which is relevant for tissue engineering applications.

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“…58 Furthermore, the 2010 Preface also predicted opportunities for new discoveries and breakthroughs in biological systems and strongly correlated oxides, and one of the exciting developments in the last two years is the observation of biological ferroelectricity in seashells, 22 aortic walls, 23 elastin, 24 glycine, 25 and peptide nanotubes, 26 which came more than 50 years after the closely related piezoelectricity was reported in biological tissues and 5 years after ubiquitous presence of biological piezoelectricity was established by PFM. [27][28][29][30][31] This advance is undoubtedly enabled by PFM, as vividly illustrated by Li and Zeng in their detailed studies on electromechanical coupling and ferroelectric switching of seashell in the present issue. 59 Another exciting development is recent realization of polarization reversal by mechanical stress, 32 attributed to the flexoelectric effect afforded by nanoscale Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) tip.…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

Preface to Special Topic: Selected Papers from the Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Workshop Series: Part of the Joint ISAF-ECAPD-PFM 2012 Conference

Kalinin

Kholkin

2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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Electromechanical imaging of biomaterials by scanning probe microscopy

Abstract: Rodriguez, B. J.; Kalinin, Sergei V.; Shin, J.; Jesse, Stephen; Grichko, V.; Thundat, T.; Baddorf, Arthur P.; and Gruverman, Alexei, "Electromechanical imaging of biomaterials by scanning probe microscopy" (2006). Alexei Gruverman Publications. 34.

Cited by 56 publications

References 37 publications

Ferroelectric or non-ferroelectric: Why so many materials exhibit “ferroelectricity” on the nanoscale

Ferroelectric or non-ferroelectric: Why so many materials exhibit “ferroelectricity” on the nanoscale

Electromechanical properties of dried tendon and isoelectrically focused collagen hydrogels

Preface to Special Topic: Selected Papers from the Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Workshop Series: Part of the Joint ISAF-ECAPD-PFM 2012 Conference

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