Electromechanical Performance of Biocompatible Piezoelectric Thin-Films

Abstract

The present study analyzed a computational model to evaluate the electromechanical properties of the AlN, BaTiO3, ZnO, PVDF, and KNN-NTK thin-films. With the rise in sustainable energy options for health monitoring devices and smart wearable sensors, developers need a scale to compare the popular biocompatible piezoelectric materials. Cantilever-based energy harvesting technologies are seldom used in sophisticated and efficient biosensors. Such approaches only study transverse sensor loading and are confined to fewer excitation models than real-world applications. The present research analyses transverse vibratory and axial-loading responses to help design such sensors. A thin-film strip (50 × 20 × 0.1 mm) of each sample was examined under volumetric body load stimulation and time-based axial displacement in both the d31 and d33 piezoelectric energy generation modes. By collecting evidence from the literature of the material performance, properties, and performing a validated finite element study to evaluate these performances, the study compared them with lead-based non-biocompatible materials such as PZT and PMN-PT under comparable boundary conditions. Based on the present study, biocompatible materials are swiftly catching up to their predecessors. However, there is still a significant voltage and power output performance disparity that may be difficult to close based on the method of excitation (i.e., transverse, axial, or shear. According to this study, BaTiO3 and PVDF are recommended for cantilever-based energy harvester setups and axially-loaded configurations.

The use of technologies for stabilizing the electrophysical characteristics of sensor structures used in the development and manufacture of measuring transducers

“…The use of engineering techniques and models will significantly reduce the cost of modeling a real PS and not spend significant funds on new software packages and their extensions. So, according to information from the Internet, the cost of the COMSOL Multiphysics software product is 2,650,000 rubles [4,5].…”

“…In the article [4] elastic elements with piezoelectric films formed on their surface are considered, as studies have shown, piezo films have a significant spread in electrophysical characteristics (EPC) and cannot measure static loads. In addition, the article does not specify methods for stabilizing EPC.…”

Piezoelectric approaches to organic polymeric materials

“…36 In addition, many piezoelectric polymers, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), along with its copolymers, such as poly[(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene] (PVDF-HFP) and poly[(vinylidene fluoride)-co-trifluoroethylene] (PVDF-TrFE), poly[(3-hydroxybutyric acid)-co-(3-hydroxyvaleric acid)] (PHBV), and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), are generally considered to be highly biocompatible. [37][38][39] Combined with their flexibility, this biocompatibility makes these polymers particularly well suited for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and modification of biological surfaces. Compared to piezoelectric ceramics and single crystals, piezoelectric polymers are also less expensive owing to their relatively simple and low-cost fabrication processes, such as solution casting, electrospinning, or additive manufacturing.…”

“…It also renders them practical for applications where a material needs to either conform to irregular surfaces or be stretched or compressed cyclically 36 . In addition, many piezoelectric polymers, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), along with its copolymers, such as poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐ co ‐hexafluoropropylene] (PVDF‐HFP) and poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐ co ‐trifluoroethylene] (PVDF‐TrFE), poly[(3‐hydroxybutyric acid)‐ co ‐(3‐hydroxyvaleric acid)] (PHBV), and poly( l ‐lactic acid) (PLLA), are generally considered to be highly biocompatible 37–39 . Combined with their flexibility, this biocompatibility makes these polymers particularly well suited for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and modification of biological surfaces.…”

PVDF Energy Harvester for Prolonging the Battery Life of Cardiac Pacemakers

“…The proposed design uses polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the piezoelectric material. This polymeric piezoelectric material has lower piezoelectric coefficients compared to traditional piezoceramics or single-crystal piezoelectric materials [20], but allows for greater flexibility and lightweight that can better allow it to bend with the motion of the lead wire [21,22]. The design was modelled using finite element analysis in COMSOL Multiphysics ® v. 6.0 (COMSOL AB, Stockholm, Sweden) and verified with experimental testing.…”