Electromyographic analysis of muscles across the elbow joint

Funk, Daniel A.; An, K. N.; Morrey, B.F.; Daube, Jasper R.

doi:10.1002/jor.1100050408

Cited by 79 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The study also found the supinator muscle to exhibit moderately strong activity, with a mean activity of 47.2% MVIC. This finding is consistent with previous reports suggesting that resisting forearm supination is the optimal way to recruit the biceps brachii (Funk et al, 1987;Buchanan et al, 1989). The moderately strong activity in biceps brachii long head coupled with the moderately strong activity in short head of biceps brachii and supinator, and minimal activity in elbow flexors (brachialis) and shoulder prime movers (anterior, middle deltoid) suggests that biceps brachii long head was primarily acting as a forearm supinator.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…There is evidence that biceps brachii long head is significantly active in resisted forearm supination, particularly when the muscle is relatively lengthened with the elbow between full extension (08) and 908 of elbow flexion (Funk et al, 1987;Buchanan et al, 1989). The resisted supination external rotation (RSER) test for diagnosis of SLAP lesions, seems to employ such positions and movements by resisting forearm supination from a position of 708 of elbow flexion and 908 of shoulder abduction, while passively externally rotating the shoulder to full shoulder external rotation (Myers et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The anatomical basis of the resisted supination external rotation test for superior labral anterior to posterior lesions

McCaughey¹,

Green²,

Taylor³

2009

Clinical Anatomy

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The majority of clinical tests used to diagnose superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions of the shoulder have poor diagnostic accuracy, possibly related to a lack of anatomical validity for test procedures. The resisted supination external rotation (RSER) test is suggested to reproduce symptoms associated with a SLAP lesion by placing stress on the labrum through increasing tension in biceps brachii long head. The test requires supination of the forearm against resistance, while the shoulder is externally rotated passively. It was hypothesized that the RSER would increase activity in biceps brachii long head, thereby providing evidence of the anatomical validity of the test. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure activity in biceps brachii long head and five other muscles potentially recruited during the RSER test in 12 healthy subjects. EMG amplitude was normalized against maximum voluntary isometric contraction for each muscle. Muscle activity values were averaged across five RSER trials and graded descriptively. Moderately strong activity was recorded in biceps brachii long head and supinator muscle throughout all phases of the RSER test. Brachialis was minimally active throughout the test. The results provide support for the anatomical basis of the RSER test, with the resisted forearm supination component of the test recruiting moderately strong levels of activity in biceps brachii long head throughout the test. Although the evidence of anatomical validity provides support for the RSER test as a clinical test for SLAP lesions of the shoulder, further tests of diagnostic accuracy are required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anatomical basis of the resisted supination external rotation test for superior labral anterior to posterior lesions

McCaughey¹,

Green²,

Taylor³

2009

Clinical Anatomy

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“…Possible discomfort under the wrist clamp from the pressure to bony prominences may partially explain why the torques measured in this study were lower than other studies. Elbow position has also been found to affect both forearm torque and EMG activity [6,13,20]. A more extensive study would involve measurement at other elbow positions including full extension and flexion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature related to EMG activity of upper limb muscles, especially related to the elbow joint is well documented [3,6]. Although EMG measurements related to forearm muscle activity have been conducted [3,13], these data have not been published in a quantitative manner useful for the purposes stated above.…”

Section: K D Gordon Et Ul I Journul Of Ortltopurrlic Rcscurcli 22 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromyographic activity and strength during maximum isometric pronation and supination efforts in healthy adults

Gordon

Pardo

Johnson

et al. 2004

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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There exists a lack of quantitative data in the literature related to the torque produced during axial forearm rotation and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the muscles involved. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the relative EMG activity of four forearm muscles during resisted forearm rotation. A custom-built device capable of measuring torque in the absence of grip was employed. Fourteen healthy volunteers performed maximum isometric voluntary contractions in five positions of axial forearm rotation for both pronation and supination. E M G data were collected simultaneously from the supinator, biceps, pronator quadratus (deep and superficial heads), and pronator teres muscles using fine-wire bipolar electrodes. Data were analyzed to determine the contributions of each muscle to pronation and supination torque over five positions of forearm rotation. In the absence of grip no significant difference was found between supination and pronation torque in neutral position. Supination torque generation was greater in the pronated forearm positions, and pronation torque was greater in the supinated positions (p < 0.05). A root-mean-square EMG analysis verified the major contributions of the pronator teres and both heads of the pronator quadratus muscle to pronation torque, and supinator and biceps to supination torque. The deep head of the pronator quadratus was active during both pronation and supination, lending support to the theory that it may act primarily as a dynamic distal radioulnar joint stabilizer. This information may be helpful in upper extremity modeling, surgical treatments, and rehabilitation strategies.

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“…Although the assumption of equal muscular forces exerted by both the biceps and brachialis muscles are made according to EMG observations [6], other more sophisticated analytical methods should be used to analyse the model.…”

Section: B Finite Element Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of Artificial Elbow Joints

et al. 2014

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Abstract-This paper evaluates biomechanical characteristics of artificial elbow joints. To enhance the durability of the joint components, it is important to evaluate the mechanical condition at the bone-joint interface. In this report, we examined the effect of torque produced by the biceps with a three-dimensional model instead of the two-dimensional model used by our previous study. This paper proposes a three-dimensional mathematical model which includes the minimum number of muscles to maintain a balanced arm posture. Calculation of the reaction forces and torque at the elbow joint was done with a 10N load applied at the hand. Stress analysis was then performed using a finite element model composed of the ulna and radius for the lower arm. This study focuses on the stress produced inside the bony tissue around the joint component at the ulna side. The result shows the lateral force of biceps has positive relation to the stress value.

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Electromyographic analysis of muscles across the elbow joint

Cited by 79 publications

References 13 publications

The anatomical basis of the resisted supination external rotation test for superior labral anterior to posterior lesions

The anatomical basis of the resisted supination external rotation test for superior labral anterior to posterior lesions

Electromyographic activity and strength during maximum isometric pronation and supination efforts in healthy adults

Biomechanics of Artificial Elbow Joints

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