Electromyographic analysis of shoulder function during the volleyball serve and spike

Rokito, Andrew S.; Jobe, Frank W.; Pink, Marilyn; Perry, Jacquelin; Brault, John R.

doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(98)90054-4

Cited by 76 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The spike requires the athlete to move the upper arm through a large range of upper arm motion while airborne, which is believed to place the shoulder under significant load. 2,5,6 Anecdotally, spiking has been linked with the high number of overuse shoulder injuries with one study reporting 80% of all shoulder injuries could be linked to spiking. 3 Given that players have been reported to spike around 40,000 times per year, only small technique deficiencies may be associated with injury.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Upper Arm Kinematics During a Volleyball Spike Between Players With and Without a History of Shoulder Injury

Mitchinson¹,

Campbell²,

Oldmeadow³

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

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Volleyball players are at high risk of overuse shoulder injuries, with spike biomechanics a perceived risk factor. This study compared spike kinematics between elite male volleyball players with and without a history of shoulder injuries. Height, mass, maximum jump height, passive shoulder rotation range of motion (ROM), and active trunk ROM were collected on elite players with (13) and without (11) shoulder injury history and were compared using independent samples t tests (P < .05). The average of spike kinematics at impact and range 0.1 s before and after impact during down-the-line and cross-court spike types were compared using linear mixed models in SPSS (P < .01). No differences were detected between the injured and uninjured groups. Thoracic rotation and shoulder abduction at impact and range of shoulder rotation velocity differed between spike types. The ability to tolerate the differing demands of the spike types could be used as return-to-play criteria for injured athletes.

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Upper Arm Kinematics During a Volleyball Spike Between Players With and Without a History of Shoulder Injury

Mitchinson¹,

Campbell²,

Oldmeadow³

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

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“…[7][8][9] Stability of the glenohumeral joint during the acceleration, deceleration, and follow-through phases of striking is provided by the rotator cuff muscles acting eccentrically to compress the humeral head. 10 Active and passive mechanisms maintain dynamic stabilization and compression of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa during spiking and serving. As the upper extremity accelerates through its range of motion, the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles eccentrically resist translation of the humeral head and assist in deceleration of the moving limb.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the upper extremity accelerates through its range of motion, the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles eccentrically resist translation of the humeral head and assist in deceleration of the moving limb. [10][11][12][13][14] Consequently, rotator cuff weakness allows increased stress to be placed on the passive stabilizers of the shoulder, leading to detrimental translation of the humeral head. Conversely, laxity in the passive stabilizers increases the workload of the rotator cuff, leading to fatigue and malfunction of the dynamic stabilizers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isokinetic Peak Torque Ratios and Shoulder Injury History in Adolescent Female Volleyball Athletes

Stickley

Hetzler

Freemyer

et al. 2008

Journal of Athletic Training

112

109

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Context: Few researchers have examined shoulder strength in adolescent volleyball athletes despite increasing levels of participation in this age group. Objective: To compare medial and lateral isokinetic peak torque of the rotator cuff among skill levels and between athletes with and without a history of shoulder injury. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: The Human Performance Lab and Athletic Training Lab. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-eight female adolescent club volleyball athletes from 10 to 15 years of age (mean = 13.02 ± 1.60 years). Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured concentric and eccentric peak torque of the medial and lateral rotators of the shoulder and calculated resultant cocking and spiking ratios based on peak torque values. Results: Athletes at higher skill levels had higher peak torque measurements in concentric and eccentric medial and lateral rotation compared with the athletes at lower skill levels. No differences in peak torque existed between participants with or without an injury history 6 months before the study. Strength ratios did not differ across skill levels, but previously injured participants produced lower eccentric medial rotation to concentric lateral rotation ratios compared with participants without a history of injury (P = .02). At the highest skill level, previously injured participants produced lower eccentric lateral rotation to concentric medial rotation ratios compared with participants without an injury history (P = .04). Conclusions: Differences in medial and lateral shoulder rotator strength ratios appear to be related more to injury prevalence than to absolute strength. Shoulder dysfunction related to strength ratio deficits also may exist in adolescent female volleyball athletes. Preventive shoulder strengthening programs focused on improving eccentric strength and correcting imbalances between medial and lateral rotators may be warranted for all female adolescent volleyball athletes.

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“…A strength imbalance may cause instability or overload the glenohumeral joint, and may predispose volleyball players to tissue damage and TrPs in weaker external rotator muscles. 27 This highlights the importance of maintaining optimal eccentric external rotator cuff biomechanics, such as by TrP dry needling.…”

Section: Ian T Gattmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are external rotators that are particularly active eccentrically in combination with supraspinatous and anterior deltoid during the deceleration phase of hitting or serving in volleyball. 27 This phase occurs straight after ball contact and was described by these subjects as the most painful, particularly when there was a 'miss-hit' (requiring compensatory forces). It is therefore logical to assume that the location of ball contact relative to the shoulder and thus the ratio of rotator cuff muscle activation, can affect the load on the joint.…”

Section: Targeting Sport Specifi C Muscle Trpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Shoulder Injuries Using Dry Needling in Elite Volleyball Players

Osborne

Gatt

2010

Acupunct Med

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These case reports describe the short-term benefits of dry needling in shoulder injuries in four international female volleyball athletes during a month-long intense competitive phase, using both replicable subjective and objective measures. Dry needling of scapulohumeral muscles was carried out. Range of movement, strength and pain were assessed before and after treatment, with a functional assessment of pain immediately after playing and overhead activity, using the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire. All scores were improved post-treatment and athletes were able to continue overhead activities. Previous studies have suggested that myofascial trigger points may cause significant functional weakness and reduced range of motion, with referred pain. Trigger point dry needling has been successful in treating athletes with myofascial pain and impingement symptoms but with only subjective improvement and not during a competitive phase. These cases support the use of dry needling in elite athletes during a competitive phase with short-term pain relief and improved function in shoulder injuries. It may help maintain rotator cuff balance and strength, reducing further pain and injury.

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Electromyographic analysis of shoulder function during the volleyball serve and spike

Cited by 76 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of Upper Arm Kinematics During a Volleyball Spike Between Players With and Without a History of Shoulder Injury

Comparison of Upper Arm Kinematics During a Volleyball Spike Between Players With and Without a History of Shoulder Injury

Isokinetic Peak Torque Ratios and Shoulder Injury History in Adolescent Female Volleyball Athletes

Management of Shoulder Injuries Using Dry Needling in Elite Volleyball Players

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