Electron Beam Absorption Algorithms for Electron Beam Melting Processes Simulated by a Three-Dimensional Thermal Free Surface Lattice Boltzmann Method in a Distributed and Parallel Environment

Markl, Matthias; Ammer, Regina; Ljungblad, U.; Rüde, Ulrich; Körner, Carolin

doi:10.1016/j.procs.2013.05.383

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Preheating was modelled as a part of the thermal cycle, occurring as initial conditions before the actual electron beam scanning and melting process. Ammer et al [86,87] focused on the 3D thermal lattice Boltzmann method for the simulation of the EBAM process, having taken into consideration physical and thermal effects such as melt pool, beam absorption, melting and solidification.…”

Section: Electron Beam Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing methods and modelling approaches: a critical review

Bikas

Stavropoulos

Chryssolouris

2015

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

1,174

443

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Additive manufacturing is a technology rapidly expanding on a number of industrial sectors. It provides design freedom and environmental/ecological advantages. It transforms essentially design files to fully functional products. However, it is still hampered by low productivity, poor quality and uncertainty of final part mechanical properties. The root cause of undesired effects lies in the control aspects of the process. Optimization is difficult due to limited modelling approaches. Physical phenomena associated with additive manufacturing processes are complex, including melting/ solidification and vaporization, heat and mass transfer etc. The goal of the current study is to map available additive manufacturing methods based on their process mechanisms, review modelling approaches based on modelling methods and identify research gaps. Later sections of the study review implications for closed-loop control of the process.

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Section: Electron Beam Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing methods and modelling approaches: a critical review

Bikas

Stavropoulos

Chryssolouris

2015

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

1,174

443

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“…In Table 6, a summarization of the process, parameters and KPIs of the different modelling approaches can be seen. In EBM, there is a limited number of the existing modelling publications, which focus almost entirely on thermal modelling [72], in which the analytical approach has been followed and [32,41,49,50,[73][74][75][76][77] via numerical methods. However, in [32] the residual stresses and distortions are also modelled using numerical methods.…”

Section: Electron Beam Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference number KPI Process parameter (Variable) [32] Residual stresses, distortions [41] System temperature [49] Heat transfer related [50] Part Temperature history Layer position in the part under construction [72] Penetration depth, energy loss Target material, accelerating voltage [73] Absorption coefficient Penetration depth, dissipated energy [74] Thermal modelling, melt pool dimensions Beam power, beam scan speed [75] Thermal modelling, melt pool dimensions Beam speed, beam current, beam diameter [76] Thermal modelling Acceleration, voltage, current, shape, beam gun movements, exponential, constant absorption types [77] Thermal modelling, lifetime dimensions of the melt pool Scan speed, line energy Table 7. Classification of the of the modelling studies on the DED AM process.…”

Section: Kpimentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of additive manufacturing processes: a review and classification

Stavropoulos

Foteinopoulos

2018

Manufacturing Rev.

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Abstract. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a very promising technology; however, there are a number of open issues related to the different AM processes. The literature on modelling the existing AM processes is reviewed and classified. A categorization of the different AM processes in process groups, according to the process mechanism, has been conducted and the most important issues are stated. Suggestions are made as to which approach is more appropriate according to the key performance indicator desired to be modelled and a discussion is included as to the way that future modelling work can better contribute to improving today's AM process understanding.

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“…We use numerical simulation in order to understand the correlation between scanning strategy, resulting solidification conditions and microstructure. The numerical model (based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method) which we have developed for simulation of powder bed based additive manufacturing processes has been described in several publications [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The beam melting process is simulated on the powder scale, i.e.…”

Section: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the grain structure of IN718 during selective electron beam melting

Körner

Helmer

Bauereiß

et al. 2014

MATEC Web of Conferences

Self Cite

118

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Abstract. Selective electron beam melting (SEBM) is an additive manufacturing method where complex parts are built from metal powders in layers of about 50 µm. SEBM works under vacuum conditions which results in a perfect protection of the metal alloy. The electron beam is used for heating (about 900 • C building temperature) and selective melting. The high beam velocities allow innovative scanning strategies in order to adapt the local solidification conditions which determine the epitaxial solidification process of IN718. We show how scanning strategies can be used either to produce a columnar grain structure with a high texture in building direction or a complete texture-free fine grained structure. Numerical simulations of the selective melting process are applied to reveal the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the completely different grain structures. In addition the influence of the different grain structures on the mechanical properties of IN718 is briefly discussed.

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Electron Beam Absorption Algorithms for Electron Beam Melting Processes Simulated by a Three-Dimensional Thermal Free Surface Lattice Boltzmann Method in a Distributed and Parallel Environment

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Additive manufacturing methods and modelling approaches: a critical review

Additive manufacturing methods and modelling approaches: a critical review

Modelling of additive manufacturing processes: a review and classification

Tailoring the grain structure of IN718 during selective electron beam melting

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