Electron cloud detection and characterization in the CERN Proton Synchrotron

Mahner, E.; Kroyer, T.; Caspers, F.

doi:10.1103/physrevstab.11.094401

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This technique relies on a time-resolved measurement of the pressure peak after beam impact, known as the desorption peak. Mahner [33] explains both methods in context of a review of past results.…”

Section: Investigations On Desorption Using the Single-shot Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerator‐driven high‐energy‐density physics: Status and chances

Ren

Mäurer

Katrík

et al. 2017

Contributions to Plasma Physics

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We review the development of high‐energy‐density physics (HEDP) driven by intense particle beams, and give an account of the current status and the anticipated developments in the near future. Since progress of this field is strongly coupled to the technical development of high‐current accelerators, we report on the recent results in specific areas of high‐current accelerators relevant to HEDP. These are related to dynamic vacuum problems and the activation of accelerator structural material by high‐current, high‐energy particle beams, and we give an example of dense plasma diagnostics with high‐energy protons. The reported results have been achieved at existing machines at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI‐Darmstadt), the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics in Moscow (ITEP‐Moscow), and the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP‐Lanzhou), and they are relevant for facilities under construction such as the FAIR facility in Darmstadt and the High Intensity Accelerator Facility (HIAF) proposed in China.

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Section: Investigations On Desorption Using the Single-shot Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerator‐driven high‐energy‐density physics: Status and chances

Ren

Mäurer

Katrík

et al. 2017

Contributions to Plasma Physics

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“…We have calculated the variation of the extrapolated desorption yield at 5:9 GeV=u as a function of the exponent n in formula (2). The results obtained for all tested amorphous carbon films, unbaked and baked at either 150 C or 300 C, are summarized in Fig.…”

Section: B Sps Desorption Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to extrapolate the LINAC 3 desorption yields to SPS energies, we have applied the energy scaling given by formula (2). We calculated the electronic energy loss of lead ions in carbon up to a projectile energy of 10 GeV=u for different values of n (1.5-3).…”

Section: B Sps Desorption Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During recent years, large efforts were put into the understanding and characterization of this phenomenon with the goal to mitigate the EC effect. At CERN, clearing electrodes [2] and surface coatings [3] are presently explored in order to find and apply a suitable electron cloud mitigation technique to the SPS vacuum system. The secondary electron yield (SEY) of the vacuum chamber surface is one of the critical parameters for the EC buildup, a SEY below 1.3 is needed for the SPS machine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy-ion induced desorption yields of amorphous carbon filmsbombarded with4.2 MeV/ulead ions

Mahner

Holzer

Küchler

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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During the past decade, intense experimental studies on the heavy-ion induced molecular desorption were performed in several particle accelerator laboratories worldwide in order to understand and overcome large dynamic pressure rises caused by lost beam ions. Different target materials and various coatings were studied for desorption and mitigation techniques were applied to heavy-ion accelerators. For the upgrade of the CERN injector complex, a coating of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) vacuum system with a thin film of amorphous carbon is under study to mitigate the electron cloud effect observed during SPS operation with the nominal proton beam for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Since the SPS is also part of the heavy-ion injector chain for LHC, dynamic vacuum studies of amorphous carbon films are important to determine their ion induced desorption yields. At the CERN Heavy Ion Accelerator (LINAC 3), carbon-coated accelerator-type stainless steel vacuum chambers were tested for desorption using 4:2 MeV=u Pb 54þ ions. We describe the experimental setup and method, present the results for unbaked and baked films, and summarize surface characterizations such as secondary electron yield measurements, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy studies. Finally, we present a high-energy scaling of lead-ion induced desorption yields from the MeV=u to GeV=u range.

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“…Characterization and mitigation of the electron cloud effect constitutes one of the main activities in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring Test Accelerator (CesrTA) research program [6]. Several methods have been developed to experimentally study electron clouds such as retarding field analyzers (RFAs) [7][8][9] and shielded pickups [10] which directly detect background electrons and witness bunches [11]. All of these methods derive the electron density from other measured quantities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of electron clouds in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring Test Accelerator usingTE-wave transmission

Santis

Byrd

Billing

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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A relatively new technique for measuring the electron cloud density in storage rings has been developed and successfully demonstrated [S. De Santis, J. M. Byrd, F. Caspers, A. Krasnykh, T. Kroyer, M. T. F. Pivi, and K. G. Sonnad, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 094801 (2008).]. We present the experimental results of a systematic application of this technique at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring Test Accelerator. The technique is based on the phase modulation of the TE mode transmitted in a synchrotron beam pipe caused by the periodic variation of the density of electron plasma. Because of the relatively simple hardware requirements, this method has become increasingly popular and has been since successfully implemented in several machines. While the principles of this technique are straightforward, quantitative derivation of the electron cloud density from the measurement requires consideration of several effects, which we address in detail.

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Electron cloud detection and characterization in the CERN Proton Synchrotron

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Accelerator‐driven high‐energy‐density physics: Status and chances

Accelerator‐driven high‐energy‐density physics: Status and chances

Heavy-ion induced desorption yields of amorphous carbon filmsbombarded with4.2 MeV/ulead ions

Characterization of electron clouds in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring Test Accelerator usingTE-wave transmission

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