“…Consequently, rs,expt = 2.03 corresponds to Nval,expt = 6.4 for Gd in clear contradiction to the FEG model, on condition that the seven f electrons do not participate in the electronic interactions of slow protons (neither in the e-h pair excitation nor in the plasmon excitation). Note that the experimental plasmon energy of Gd (ħp,Gd = 14 eV [41]) corresponds to rs,eff = 2.24 (Nval,eff = 4.7).…”