Electron Ionization LC-MS

Famiglini, Giorgio; Palma, Pierangela; Termopoli, Veronica; Cappiello, Achille; Tsizin, Svetlana; Seemann, Boaz; Alon, Tal; Fialkov, Alexander B.; Amirav, Aviv

doi:10.1016/bs.coac.2017.06.008

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…These classes of compounds are chemically completely different since NAs are polar compounds with an acid function whereas PAHs are non-polar aromatic cycles without functional groups. To date, CP-MIMS has been coupled to ESI for polar analytes, and to unconventional interfaces such as Direct-EI (DEI) and Liquid-EI (LEI) to extend the application field through non-polar hydrocarbon [42,[44][45][46][47]. This flexibility also gives the possibility, for compounds suitable for both techniques, to choose the best ionization style between strong information-rich fragmentation provided by EI or high response typical of ESI.…”

Section: Suitable Analytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…APCI or atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI) accomplish this analysis, and several studies are available in the literature [52,53]. An alternative solution was proposed by combining the CP-MIMS system with a new prototype of LC-EI-MS interface, called Direct-EI (DEI), and further updated and improved at Liquid-EI (LEI) [44][45][46][47]. This interface, invented by Cappiello and coworkers allowed the introduction of a nano stream of liquid effluent, like the AP, directly in a conventional EI source, perfectly matching the determination of neutral compounds included in homogeneous or heterogeneous liquid samples with negligible matrix-effect phenomena.…”

Section: Rapid Detection Of Contaminants In Challenging Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Condensed Phase Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry: A Direct Alternative to Fully Exploit the Mass Spectrometry Potential in Environmental Sample Analysis

et al. 2023

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Membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) is a direct mass spectrometry technique used to monitor online chemical systems or quickly quantify trace levels of different groups of compounds in complex matrices without extensive sample preparation steps and chromatographic separation. MIMS utilizes a thin, semi-permeable, and selective membrane that directly connects the sample and the mass spectrometer. The analytes in the sample are pre-concentrated by the membrane depending on their physicochemical properties and directly transferred, using different acceptor phases (gas, liquid or vacuum) to the mass spectrometer. Condensed phase (CP) MIMS use a liquid as a medium, extending the range to new applications to less-volatile compounds that are challenging or unsuitable to gas-phase MIMS. It directly allows the rapid quantification of selected compounds in complex matrices, the online monitoring of chemical reactions (in real-time), as well as in situ measurements. CP-MIMS has expanded beyond the measurement of several organic compounds because of the use of different types of liquid acceptor phases, geometries, dimensions, and mass spectrometers. This review surveys advancements of CP-MIMS and its applications to several molecules and matrices over the past 15 years.

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Section: Suitable Analytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rapid Detection Of Contaminants In Challenging Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condensed Phase Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry: A Direct Alternative to Fully Exploit the Mass Spectrometry Potential in Environmental Sample Analysis

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Following technological advances in LC miniaturization, the Direct‐EI interface appeared in the early 2000s due to the work of Professor Cappiello. Although the Cap‐EI interface uses micro‐LC columns, Direct‐EI employs nanoLC columns, operating in mobile phase flow rates between 100 and 400 nl/min [49, 66]. Direct‐EI (Figure 3) receives this designation because the LC effluent is introduced directly into the EI source without external devices [42].…”

Section: Lc–ei–ms Coupling: Interface Development and Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron ionization mass spectrometry: Quo vadis?

et al. 2022

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Mass spectrometry (MS) is a fundamental technique to identify compounds by their mass-to-charge ratio. It is known that MS can only detect target compounds when they are converted to ions in the gas phase. The ionization procedure is considered one of the most critical steps, and there are distinct techniques for it. One of them is electron ionization (EI), a widely used hard-ionization technique capable of generating several ions due to the excess energy employed. The existence of distinct ionization mechanisms turns EI capable of producing a fingerprintlike spectrum for each molecule. So, it is an essential technique for obtaining structural information. EI is often combined with chromatography to obtain a practical introduction of pretreated samples despite its excellent performance. EI-MS has been applied coupled with gas chromatography (GC) since the 1960s as both are very compatible. Currently, analytes of interest are more suitable for liquid chromatography (LC) analysis, so there are researchers dedicated to developing suitable interfaces for coupling LC and EI-MS. EI excels, as a reliable technique to fill the gap between GC and LC, possibly allowing them to coexist in a single instrument. In this work, the authors will present the fundamentals of EI-MS, emphasizing the development over the years, coupling with gas and LC, and future trends.

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“…Despite the success of ESI sources, developing efficient LC-EI-MS interfaces remains an ongoing research objective [19,28]. EI-MS has long demonstrated excellent compatibility with GC, making coupling GC and EI-MS one of the most important breakthroughs in modern analytical sciences.…”

Section: From Direct Liquid Introduction (Dli) To Modern Liquid Elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

NanoLC-EI-MS: Perspectives in Biochemical Analysis

Santos

Maciel

Medina

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Although LC-MS with atmospheric pressure ionization (API) sources is the primary technique used in modern bioanalytical studies, electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) can provide some substantial advantages over it. EI-MS is a matrix effect-free technique that provides reproducible and comparable mass spectra, serving as a compound fingerprint for easy identification through automated comparison with spectral libraries. Leveraging EI-MS in biochemical studies can yield critical analytical benefits for targeted and untargeted analyses. However, to fully utilize EI-MS for heavy and non-volatile molecules, a new technology that enables the coupling of liquid chromatography with EI-MS is needed. Recent advancements in nanoLC have addressed the compatibility issues between LC and EI-MS, and innovative interfacing strategies such as Direct-EI, liquid electron ionization (LEI), and Cold-EI have extended the application of EI-MS beyond the determination of volatile organic molecules. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in nanoLC-EI-MS interfacing technologies, discussing their scope and limitations. Additionally, selected examples of nanoLC-EI-MS applications in the field of biochemical analysis are presented, highlighting the potential prospects and benefits that the establishment of this technique can bring to this field.

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Electron Ionization LC-MS

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

Condensed Phase Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry: A Direct Alternative to Fully Exploit the Mass Spectrometry Potential in Environmental Sample Analysis

Condensed Phase Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry: A Direct Alternative to Fully Exploit the Mass Spectrometry Potential in Environmental Sample Analysis

Electron ionization mass spectrometry: Quo vadis?

NanoLC-EI-MS: Perspectives in Biochemical Analysis

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