Electron microbeam analyses of aerosol particles from the plume of Poás Volcano, Costa Rica and comparison with equilibrium plume chemistry modeling

Pfeffer, M. A.; Rietmeijer, F. J. M.; Brearley, A. J.; Fischer, T. P.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.10.009

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…One possibility is that chemical fractionation occurs as bubbles burst on the surface of the lake such that the spray has a composition distinct from the lake's (e.g., Duce & Hoffmann, 1976). In any case, we note that these preliminary results are at least consistent with those of Pfeffer et al (2006), who identified several individual particles at Poás with K + > Ca 2+ (using TEM-EDX). No acidic gas species were observed above detection limits.…”

Section: Filter Packssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The lake size, level, temperature and composition are not only controlled by seasonal effects and hydrological features, but also by volcanic activity Martínez et al, 2000;Ramírez et al, 2010). The tracking of parameters such as temperature (Oppenheimer, 1993;Vaselli et al, 2003;Mora et al, 2004;Trunk & Bernard, 2008), water composition (Rowe et al, 1992b;zimmer et al, 2004), plume chemistry (Pfeffer et al, 2006), seismicity (Casertano et al, 1987), ground deformation (Rymer et al, 2000), and gravimetry (e.g., Rymer & Brown, 1989) have been critical for the assessment of magma intrusion, and thus for civil protection purposes, especially after the 1953-55 and the 1980s eruptive episodes, which caused severe damage to the local environment and agriculture (Rymer et al, 2005). Additionally, gases emitted by the volcano may result in significant impacts on human health (e.g., Oppenheimer, 1992;Hansell & Oppenheimer, 2004).…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal and geochemical signature of Poás Volcano, Costa Rica (MARCH 2009)

Spampinato

Salerno

Martin

et al. 2009

Rev. Geol. Amér. Central

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(Recibido: 19/07/2009; aceptado: 08/11/2010) absTracT: We report results from a multidisciplinary campaign conducted at Poás volcano (Costa Rica) in March 2009. Thermal imagery of the fumaroles sited on the north side of the pyroclastic cone revealed mean apparent temperatures ranging between 25 and 40°C with a maximum apparent temperature of 80°C. The crater lake surface was characterised by mean apparent temperatures varying between 30 and 35°C and a maximum recorded value of 48°C. Thermal profiles across the lake surface revealed steady temperatures and thus thorough convective mixing. The overall mean SO 2 flux emitted from the crater was 76 Mg d . This provides a detailed picture of lake surface temperature characteristics and of gas flux and composition of the plume emitted from Poás. The results are consistent with the typical non-eruptive state of this volcano.

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Section: Filter Packssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and geochemical signature of Poás Volcano, Costa Rica (MARCH 2009)

Spampinato

Salerno

Martin

et al. 2009

Rev. Geol. Amér. Central

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“…The size distributions of particles generated by this mechanism in salt water and other liquids (e.g., molten iron) [ Russell and Singh , 2006; Han and Holappa , 2001, 2003; Lewis and Schwartz , 2004] are typically lognormal with modal diameter ∼1 μ m, consistent with the size distribution of fine silicate particles found by Martin et al [2008]. The presence of fine silicate particles in fumarolic emissions [e.g., Pfeffer et al , 2006] indicates that Si‐rich particles may also be formed by secondary processes (e.g., condensation of Si‐rich vapor). A further possibility is that fine silicate particles are formed by the suspension of fragments of wall rock and/or fumarolic encrustations [ Obenholzner et al , 2003].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size distributions of fine silicate and other particles in Masaya's volcanic plume

Martin¹,

Mather²,

Pyle³

et al. 2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Direct-sampling and remote-sensing measurements were made at the crater rim of Masaya volcano (Nicaragua) to sample the aerosol plume emanating from the active vent. We report the first measurements of the size distribution of fine silicate particles (d < 10 mm) in Masaya's plume, by automated scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN) analysis of a particle filter. The particle size distribution was approximately lognormal with modal d $ 1.15 mm. The majority of these particles were found to be spherical. These particles are interpreted to be droplets of quenched magma produced by a spattering process. Compositional analyses confirm earlier reports that the fine silicate particles show a range of compositions between that of the degassing magma and nearly pure silica and that the extent of compositional variability decreases with increasing particle size. These results indicate that fine silicate particles are altered owing to reactions with acidic droplets in the plume. The emission flux of fine silicate particles was estimated as $10 11 s À1 , equivalent to $55 kg d À1 . Sun photometry, aerosol spectrometry, and thermal precipitation were used to determine the overall particle size distribution of the plume (0.01 < d(mm) < 10). Sun photometry and aerosol spectrometry measurements indicate the presence of a large number of particles (assumed to be aqueous) with d $ 1 mm. Aerosol spectrometry measurements further show an increase in particle size as the nighttime approached. The emission flux of particles from Masaya was estimated as $10 17 s À1 , equivalent to $5.5 Mg d À1 where d < 4 mm.

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“…At the same time, few quiescently degassing volcanoes have gas temperatures exceeding 700°C that could maintain high rates of HCl oxidation, and the temperature of a hot air-gas mixture rapidly decreases because of further dilution by ambient air. However, some amount of aerosol particles always exists in volcanic plumes, even in fumarolic plumes, thus providing surface area for heterogeneous catalysis (Mather et al, 2003;Pfeffer et al, 2006;Bobrowski et al, 2007;von Glasow, 2010). It is a question for further studies, whether these particles can effectively catalyse the oxidation of HCl below 600-700°C.…”

Section: Volcanic Emissions Of CLmentioning

confidence: 99%