Electron Microscopic Investigation of Nitrobenzene Distribution and Effect on Plant Root Tip Cells Ultrastructure

Zaalishvili, G.; Sadunishvili, Tinatin; Scalla, René; Laurent, François; Kvesitadze, G.

doi:10.1006/eesa.2002.2181

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…From these and other toxicity studies assessing biological effects of nitrobenzene exposure it appeared that 0.015 mM (i.e. 1.845 mg/L) nitrobenzene was harmless to plants [20,29]. Despite studies on toxic effect and ultra-structural changes induced by nitrobenzene, the genotoxicity of nitrobenzene has not been tested by plant chromosomal aberration assay and its investigation has been limited to analysis for its genotoxicity mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Genotoxicity effect of nitrobenzene on soybean (Glycine max) root tip cells

Guo

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Nitrobenzene in water and soil may be taken up by plants, being absorbed mainly by roots [20]. A large surface area of plant and root hairs increases the potential for uptake of soluble contami- nants resulting in high levels of contamination [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity effect of nitrobenzene on soybean (Glycine max) root tip cells

Guo

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Plant cell vacuoles are one of the most variable multifunctional organelles. The vacuoles of root cells have storage functions (Zaalishvili et al 2002). Enlargement of the vacuoles could be observed in this present work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of di-n-butyl phthalate on the physiology and ultrastructure of cucumber seedling roots

Zhang

Tao

Sun

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Agricultural pollution caused by the use of plastic sheetings has been documented to be a widespread problem in most of the major crop-planting regions of the world. In order to better understand the phytotoxic mechanisms induced by phthalic acid esters involved with this problem, Cucumber sativus L. cv Jinyan No. 4 were sown in pots to the three-leaf-stage in the presence of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP; 0, 30, 50, 100, and 200 mg L−1) for 1, 3, 5, or 7 days. Physiology, biochemistry, and ultrastructure of seedling roots were examined. The results indicated that activities of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)) were stimulated at low-DBP treatments and decreased under higher levels (>100 mg L−1) compared to the controls. On the other hand, SOD and POD provided a better defense against DBP-induced oxidative damage in the roots of cucumber seeding, compared to CAT. The productions of both malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) were promoted under DBP stress. Visible impact on the cytoderm, mitochondrion, and vacuole was detected, possibly as a consequence of free radical generation. These results suggested that activation of the antioxidant system by DBP led to the formation of reactive oxygen species that resulted in cellular damage.

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“…Experimental corroboration of the location of xenobiotics in vacuoles was obtained in studies of the transformation of 2,4-dichloroacetic acid in soybean Glycine max L. suspension cell culture [25]. It was also shown that nitrobenzene transformation products are accumulated in vacuoles [26,27]. Based on the above data, it can be assumed that the phenol-peptide conjugates may be also accumulated in vacuoles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Phenol Conjugation with Peptides and Final Transformations of Conjugates in English Ryegrass Seedlings

Chrikishvili¹,

Lomidze²,

Mithaishvili

2005

Appl Biochem Microbiol

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Phenol is a widespread and highly toxic compound polluting the atmosphere [1,2]. It gets into soil; water; air; and, finally, living organisms. In view of this, researchers are paying increasing attention to the search for biological ways of detoxication of this aromatic xenobiotic. Recently, the role of plants as effective remediators of the ecosystem has been commonly accepted [3,4]. Transformation of organic xenobiotics in higher plants has been studied for several decades at the Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of Georgia. It has been found that plants are able to assimilate and detoxify foreign compounds of different classes, both aliphatic and aromatic [5,6]. Study of the assimilation and metabolism of phenol in higher plants is related to the problems of biosphere purification; it is of great importance in terms of the search for and use of plants with a great ability for remediation.The reaction of glycosylation of hydroxy groups, which considerably decreases or abolishes phenol toxicity, plays a key role in the detoxication mechanism in plant cells. Exogenous polyatomic phenols in higher plants undergo transformations predominantly via glycosylation [7,8]. Data on glycosylation of monatomic phenols are contradictory. Glycosides of monatomic phenols have not been found in intact plants; they were only observed in vitro [9][10][11][12].The goal of this study was to investigate phenol detoxication in English ryegrass seedlings through conjugation with endogenous compounds and the pathways of transformation of conjugates after the removal of plants from a phenol-containing atmosphere. MATERIALS AND METHODSObject of study. English ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) was grown under sterile conditions on Knop's medium.Experiments were performed with 15-day-old seedlings by the method described in [13] with some modifications. Plants were grown in sterilized desiccators, in which the upper and lower parts were separated with a Plexiglas baffle with small perforations.We used [1-14 C]phenol (specific radioactivity, 25.04 mBq/mmol; St. Petersburg, Russia) diluted with distilled phenol and purified by distillation with water vapor. The specific radioactivity of the purified preparation was 10.25 mBq/mmol; the radioactive purity, 100%.Incubation of plants with [1-14 C]phenol. Sterile Knop's solution was placed in the lower part of the desiccator; 20% KOH containing 50 mg of [1-14 C]phenol, in the upper part. A certain concentration of vapors that were assimilated by seedlings was maintained in the upper part of the desiccator throughout the incubation of plants with phenol. Seedlings were incubated with [1-14 C]phenol for 24 h under natural illumination at 25-27°C .After 24 of incubation with labeled phenol, onethird of seedlings were washed and biomaterials (leaves and roots separately) were fixed with 80% boiling ethanol. Other seedlings were incubated for 48 and 120 h in a phenol-free atmosphere, washed, and fixed with 80% boiling ethanol. Throughout the experiment, ëé 2 released by see...

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Electron Microscopic Investigation of Nitrobenzene Distribution and Effect on Plant Root Tip Cells Ultrastructure

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Genotoxicity effect of nitrobenzene on soybean (Glycine max) root tip cells

Genotoxicity effect of nitrobenzene on soybean (Glycine max) root tip cells

Effects of di-n-butyl phthalate on the physiology and ultrastructure of cucumber seedling roots

Phenol Conjugation with Peptides and Final Transformations of Conjugates in English Ryegrass Seedlings

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