ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF CULTURED SPHERULES OF <i>COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS </i>

Breslau, Abraham M.; Hensley, Thomas J.; Erickson, John O.

doi:10.1083/jcb.9.3.627

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We sought therefore to determine in the present study if this concentration of ketoconazole or miconazole altered the structure of the different morphologic phases of C. immitis. Recent publications [21,22] have described the saprobic and parasitic forms of C. immitis in clear detail and have updated earlier morphologic studies [5,6,10,19] on C. immitis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Treatment, after intranasal instillation of arthrocondia, limits the subsequent replication of the spheruleendospore phase of Coccidioides immitis in the lungs. Early ketoconazole treatment, in particular, markedly reduces dissemination [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]15] characterized by fungal invasion of the peritoneal organs. These activities are associated with high rates of survival in appropriately treated animals.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructure ofCoccidioides immitisafter exposure to the imidazole antifungals miconazole and ketoconazole

Borgers¹,

Levine²,

Cobb³

1981

Med Mycol

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Scanning and transmission electron microscopy was performed on the various phases ofCoccidioides immitis, exposed for different periods of time to the imidazole antifungals miconazole and ketoconazole.The development of spherules into endospores, which takes place in cultures under normal growth conditions, was suppressed in the drug treated cultures.Typical ultrastructural changes were localized at the cell periphery and in the vacuolar system. The drugs did induce changes in mature, resting endospore cultures and in cultures incubated statically at room temperature. Aerobically growing endospores were not susceptible to either drug. The transformation of arthroconidia into mycelium was fully prevented after treatment. Mycelial cells were most susceptible to the antifungals for necrosis was induced in a substantial part of the hyphae after exposure for 24 h.The imidazole drugs, miconazole and ketoconazole, interfere markedly with progressive murine coccidioidomycosis [13][14][15]17]. Treatment, after intranasal instillation of arthrocondia, limits the subsequent replication of the spheruleendospore phase of Coccidioides immitis in the lungs. Early ketoconazole treatment, in particular, markedly reduces dissemination 1-13, 15] characterized by fungal invasion of the peritoneal organs. These activities are associated with high rates of survival in appropriately treated animals. Corresponding findings in man [12,20,23] also indicate that the drugs are effective in local and in disseminated coccidioidomycosis. However, in animals, as in man, biocure rates are low and prolonged therapy is required.In animals it was apparent that exposure of endospores to plasma concentrations of ketoconazole of 10#gml-1 was therapeutically beneficial [15]. We sought therefore to determine in the present study if this concentration of ketoconazole or miconazole altered the structure of the different morphologic phases of C. immitis. Recent publications [21,22] have described the saprobic and parasitic forms of C. immitis in clear detail and have updated earlier morphologic studies [5, 6, 10, 19] on C. immitis.On the other hand, surface characteristics of C. immitis, as seen with scanning electron microscopy, have not been reported in detail. We have therefore limited our descriptions in this paper to developmental changes in fungal structure during normal growth and to alterations that occur after exposure of the organism to miconazole and ketoconazole.

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mentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure ofCoccidioides immitisafter exposure to the imidazole antifungals miconazole and ketoconazole

Borgers¹,

Levine²,

Cobb³

1981

Med Mycol

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“…Unlike the study of arthroconidia, interest in spherule composition did not seem to wane as much in the 1990s and 2000s. A great deal of knowledge about spherule outer and inner wall structure is derived from early electron microscopy studies (10,15,28,45). The spherule phase can vary temporally and is generally considered to be from 24 through 120 h after inhalation of arthroconidia.…”

Section: Life Cycle: Early Events Surrounding the Transition From Sapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Events in Coccidioidomycosis

et al. 2019

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SUMMARY Since its description nearly 130 years ago, hundreds of studies have deepened our understanding of coccidioidomycosis, also known as valley fever (VF), and provided useful diagnostic tests and treatments for the disease caused by the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides spp. In general, most of the literature has addressed well-established infections and has described patients who have experienced major complications. In contrast, little attention has been given to the earliest consequences of the pathogen-host interaction and its implications for disease manifestation, progression, and resolution. The purpose of this review is to highlight published studies on early coccidioidomycosis, identify gaps in our knowledge, and suggest new or former research areas that might be or remain fertile ground for insight into the early stages of this invasive fungal disease.

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“…The cell wall of the biphasic fungi consists of lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, and chitin-like substances (6,7,9,77,81). It is the locus of protective and serologically reactive antigens in the tissue forms of H. capsulatum (101) and C. immitis (55).…”

Section: Chemical Naturementioning

confidence: 99%